Chapter 9

Question 0

Perimysium ?

Answer 0

Layer that divides muscle into bundles called fascicles

Question 1

What is the epimysium

Answer 1

Dense layer that surrounds entire muscle

Separates muscle from surrounding organ

Question 2

What’s the endomysium

Answer 2

Surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 3

What do muscle cells develop from

Answer 3

Myoblasts

Question 4

What is the cell membrane of a muscle called

Answer 4

Sacrolemma

Question 5

What are thin filaments composed of

Answer 5

Actin

Question 6

What are thick filaments composed of

Answer 6

Myosin

Question 7

What are z lines

Answer 7

Boundary between adjacent sacromeres

Question 8

What is the m line

Answer 8

Connects central portion of each thick filament

Question 9

What is the A I and H band

Answer 9

A band is region containing thick and thin filaments. Length of thick
I band is only thin filaments. One A band to the next
H band is only thick filaments around M line

Question 10

What are the two regulatory proteins within thin filaments

Answer 10

1. Tropomyosin

2. Troponin

Question 11

What is the 4 steps involved with the sliding filament theory

Answer 11

1. H bands and I bands get smaller
2. Zones of overlap get larger
3. Z lines move closer together
4. Width of A band remains constant

Question 12

How does the sodium potassium pump work

Answer 12

Send 3 sodium ions out of cell

Bring 2 potassium ions in cell

Question 13

What is a neuromuscular junction

Answer 13

Connection between motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibre

Question 14

What is the NMJ composed of

Answer 14

1. Synaptic terminal - ach
2. Motor end plate -ache
3. Synaptic cleft - ache

Question 15

What is the excitation contraction coupling system

Answer 15

Action potential and muscle contraction

Question 16

What determines the amount of tension produced in a muscle fibre

Answer 16

Fibres resting length

Question 17

What is the optimal resting length

Answer 17

Maximum number of cross bridges form

Question 18

What happens when tension is increased and decreased

Answer 18

Increased sacromere is stretched

Decreased sacromere is compressed

Question 19

What is a muscle twitch

Answer 19

Single stimulus contraction relaxation sequence in a muscle fibre

Question 20

What’s a fasciculation

Answer 20

Involuntary muscle twitch under skin

Question 21

What Are the 3 phases of a twitch

Answer 21

1. Latent period . No tension
2. Contraction phase. Beginning of tension to peak tension
3. Relaxation phase. Peak tension to end of twitch

Question 22

What are the 4 levels of muscle tension

Answer 22

1. Treppe
2. Wave summation
3. Incomplete tetanus
4. Complete tetanus

Question 23

What is treppe

Answer 23

Immediately after relaxation phase.

Most do not experience

Question 24

Wave summation?

Answer 24

Before relaxation phase completion

Question 25

Incomplete tetanus

Answer 25

Almost peak tension. Period of relaxation so incomplete tetanus

Question 26

Complete tetanus ?

Answer 26

Continuous peak tension. No relaxation period

Question 27

Isotonic contraction

Answer 27

Tension rises and skeletal muscle length changes

Question 28

Concentric contraction

Answer 28

Tension rises until it exceeds load.

Question 29

Eccentric contraction

Answer 29

Load is more then peak tension produced Muscle tears or tendon breaks

Question 30

Creatine phosphate

Answer 30

Supplies energy for 15 seconds

Question 31

What is the lactating cycle and what is it also called

Answer 31

The cori cycle. Lactate produced by muscle fibers during strenuous activity

Question 32

What is oxygen debt

Answer 32

Amount of oxygen needed to return to pre exertion condition

Question 33

What is muscular hypertrophy atrophy and dystrophy

Answer 33

Hypertrophy is increase in size Atrophy is decrease Dystrophy is weakness