Chapter 9

Question 1

1 cause of morbidity in US

Answer 1

vascular disease

Question 2

Vascular disease MC involve

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

2 mechanisms of vascular disease

Answer 3

narrowing/obstruction of lumen, weakening of vessel wall

Question 4

3 layers of vascular structure

Answer 4

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Question 5

which vascular layer has endothelia cells

Answer 5

tunica intima

Question 6

which vascular layers has smooth muscles

Answer 6

tunica media

Question 7

which vascular layer has CT, nerves, and vessels

Answer 7

tunica adventitia

Question 8

what separates the tunica intima from media

Answer 8

internal elastic lamina

Question 9

what separates the media from adventitia

Answer 9

external elastic lamina

Question 10

the interior vascular wall recieves its nutrient supply from

Answer 10

diffusion of blood from lumen

Question 11

the exterior vascular wall recieves nutrient supply via

Answer 11

vasa vasorum

Question 12

during endothelial activation, endothelial cells become pro inflammatory and we see

Answer 12

clot formation

Question 13

dilation of cerebral vessels

Answer 13

berry aneurysm

Question 14

connection of a large artery to a large vein

Answer 14

fistula

Question 15

local thickening of medium/large artery walls resulting in ischemia

Answer 15

fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 16

fibromuscular dysplasia is MC in

Answer 16

young adult females

Question 17

___% of HTN is idiopathic “essential HTN”

Answer 17

95

Question 18

severe HTN >200/120 is lethal within

Answer 18

1-2 years

Question 19

3 types of arteriosclerosis

Answer 19

ateriolosclerosis, monckenberg medial sclerosis, atherosclerosis

Question 20

CA++ within arteries, no stenosis, not clinically significant

Answer 20

Monckenberg medial sclerosis

Question 21

MC age of Monckenberg medial sclerosis

Answer 21

> 50

Question 22

99% of arteriosclerosis is

Answer 22

atherosclerosis

Question 23

takotsubo cardiomyopathy aka

Answer 23

broken heart syndrome

Question 24

excessive vasoconstriction on the heart

Answer 24

takotsubo cardiomyopathy / broken heart syndrome

Question 25

formation of a blood clot within a vessel

Answer 25

thrombosis

Question 26

formation of a blood clot outside of a vessel

Answer 26

hematoma

Question 27

what 3 diseases make up 90% of venous diseases

Answer 27

varicose veins, phlebothrombosis, thrombophlebitis

Question 28

dialation of superficial vein

Answer 28

varicose veins

Question 29

blood clot in a vein WITHOUT previous inflammation

Answer 29

phlebothrombosis

Question 30

venous thrombosis following inflammation

Answer 30

thrombophlebitis

Question 31

what is seen during the early stages of lymphedema

Answer 31

peau d' orange

Question 32

acute lymphatic vessel inflammation

Answer 32

lymphangitis

Question 33

lymphangitis is usually

Answer 33

bacterial

Question 34

what is seen in 1:200 newborns

Answer 34

hemangioma

Question 35

what percentage of hemangiomas disappear before age 7

Answer 35

75-90

Question 36

development of hemangioma on gums or gingiva

Answer 36

pyogenic granuloma

Question 37

kaposi sarcoma is ____x more likely in an AIDS patient

Answer 37

1000

Question 38

cancer of endothelial cells

Answer 38

angiosarcoma

Question 39

anaplastic angiosarcoma prognosis

Answer 39

30% 5 year survival

Question 40

risk for Hepatic angiosarcoma

Answer 40

arsenic, PVC manufacturing plant

Question 41

larger lumen, thinner walls

Answer 41

vein

Question 42

thin walls lined with endothelia

Answer 42

lymphatic vessels

Question 43

what type of congenital anomaly bypasses capillaries

Answer 43

arteriovenous fistula

Question 44

decreased BP leads to

Answer 44

sodium resorption (increased blood vol) and increased vasoconstriction

Question 45

50% of people with HTN will die of

Answer 45

ischemic heart disease or congestive heart failure

Question 46

what % of us adults have HTN

Answer 46

25%

Question 47

abdominal aortic aneurysm is dialation of______ of normal

Answer 47

>50%

Question 48

males, smokers, >50 years old, caucasion all at a risk of

Answer 48

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 49

____% of ruptured AAA are fatal

Answer 49

50%