Chapter 9

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

the science of classification

Question 2

Taxon (plural: taxa)

Answer 2

Category

Question 3

Who is the founder of taxonomy

Answer 3

Carl Linnaeus

Question 4

The first name used in binomial nomenclature

Answer 4

Genus (Capitalized)

Question 5

The second name used in binomial nomenclature

Answer 5

specific epithet (NOT capitalized)

Question 6

Strain

Answer 6

a subgroup of species with one or more characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups of the same species- identified with a name, number or letter following the epithet

Question 7

Dichotomous key

Answer 7

has paired statements describing characteristics of an organism. used to place the name of the organism

Question 8

Ernst H. Haeckel

Answer 8

Created the third kingdom- Protista 1866

Question 9

Who first created the 4-kingdom system of classification

Answer 9

Lynn Margulis
H.F. Copeland
in 1956

Question 10

Who proposed that protista be split into fungi and protista

Answer 10

R.H Wittaker 1959

Question 11

What are the five kingdoms

Answer 11

Plantae 
Animalia 
Fungi 
Protista 
Monera

Question 12

What do all cells have

Answer 12

bound by a cell/plasma membrane
carry genetic information in DNA
have ribosomes where proteins are made

Question 13

Who suggested the kingdom Monera

Answer 13

Edouard Chatton in 1937

Question 14

Monera consists of

Answer 14

eubacteria
cyanobacteria
Archaea

Question 15

Protista consists of

Answer 15

Eukaryotic
mostly unicellular
true membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles within the cytoplasm

Question 16

Fungi consists of

Answer 16

mostly multicellular and some unicellular
obtain nutrients SOLEY by absorption of organic matter from dead organisms
Forms spores but not seeds

Question 17

Plantae consists of

Answer 17

contain chlorophyll and chloroplasts

Question 18

Animalia consists of

Answer 18

all animals derived from a zygote

worms are animals

Question 19

Stromatolites

Answer 19

fossilized photosynthetic prokaryotes that appear as masses of cells or microbial mats

Question 20

What are the three domains proposed by Woese

Answer 20

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

Question 21

What are the three groups of archaea

Answer 21

methanogens (anaerobic)
extreme halophiles (high salt)
extreme thermophiles (high heat)

Question 22

Numerical taxonomy

Answer 22

the idea that increasing the number of characteristics of organisms that we observe increase the accuracy with which we can detect similarities among them

Question 23

Genetic homology

Answer 23

similarity of DNA

Question 24

Probes

Answer 24

single stranded DNA fragmetns

Question 25

DNA hybidization

Answer 25

double strands of DNA of two organisms are split apart, and the split strands are allowed to combine

Question 26

anneal

Answer 26

"bond to each other"

Question 27

Protein profile

Answer 27

laboratory-prepared pattern of proteins found in a cell

Question 28

Polycrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)

Answer 28

how protein profiles are produced

Question 29

Divergent evolution

Answer 29

occurs as certain subgroups of a species with a common ancestor undergo sufficient mutation to be identified as seperate species

Question 30

Obligate intercellular parasties

Answer 30

they can only grow inside living cells

Question 31

Mycoplasmas

Answer 31

no cell wall | sunny side up