Chapter 9

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

The outside layer of the Earth including the crust and the top part of the mantle

Question 2

Magma

Answer 2

A very hot mixture that has a mixture of the ingredients such as Morton of the rock and gases just below the Earths surface that is now the mantle

Question 3

Sediment

Answer 3

A material broken down and damaged my erosion and bad weather that is moved by wind or water.

Question 4

Minerals

Answer 4

Any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

Question 5

Native elements

Answer 5

Is found in uncombined Earth crust

Question 6

Molten

Answer 6

materials with a high melting point, such as metal and glass) liquefied by heat

Question 7

Lava

Answer 7

hot molten or semi-fluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this

Question 8

Viscosity

Answer 8

a quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid, as measured by the force per unit area resisting uniform flow.

Question 9

Extrusive rocks

Answer 9

Extrusive refers to the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out (extrudes) onto the surface as lava

Question 10

Crystal

Answer 10

Ggeometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes.

Question 11

Lustre

Answer 11

A mineral that can appear glassy, waxy, metallic, dull, pearly, silky or brilliant.

Question 12

Streak

Answer 12

Colour of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

Question 13

Hardness

Answer 13

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material. The hardness rating of a mineral is determined by comparison with ten standard minerals.

Question 14

Igneous rocks

Answer 14

Rocks from the cooling of the lava or magma

Question 15

Pumice

Answer 15

A pale rock when frothy lava cools in the air

Question 16

Scoria

Answer 16

A dark rock that is formed by lava

Question 17

Abrasive

Answer 17

Something that can easily scratch one another

Question 18

Basalt

Answer 18

A dark igneous rock with little crystals inside of it

Question 19

Obsidian

Answer 19

A black glassy rock that breaks into pieces

Question 20

Granite

Answer 20

A hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see.

Question 21

Intrusive rocks

Answer 21

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

Question 22

Batholiths

Answer 22

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across