chapter 9

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

• communicating
• signals
• combination of rules
• meaning

Question 2

Grammar

Answer 2

• set of rules
• combined to
• produce messages

Question 3

Phoneme

Answer 3

• smallest unit of sound

- recognize as speech

Question 4

Phonological rules

Answer 4

• phonemes combined to produce speech

- result accent when rule are violated

Question 5

Morphemes

Answer 5

• smallest meaning units of language

- combined phonemes

Question 6

Morphological rules

Answer 6

morphemes combined to form words

Question 7

Syntactical rules

Answer 7

words combines to form phrases/sentences

Question 8

deep structure

Answer 8

meaning of sentence

Question 9

surface structure

Answer 9

how sentence is worded

Question 10

Three characteristics of language development

Answer 10

child learn laugauge, make few errors, develop faster passive mastery

Question 11

Liquid consonant

Answer 11

english 2: L and r
japanese 1: L
italian 3: L, R

Question 12

4-6 months

Answer 12

infant babbles

Question 13

10-12 months

Answer 13

first words/signs

Question 14

24 months

Answer 14

two word speech

Question 15

fast mapping

Answer 15

learning new word by contrasting it with familiar word

Question 16

telegraphic speech

Answer 16

• words arranged to make senses

- nouns/verbs

Question 17

Age 3

Answer 17

• complete simple sentences

ex: daddy ate

Question 18

age 4-5

Answer 18

• language complete

es: daddy eat green beans

Question 19

broca’s area

Answer 19

left frontal cortex; language production

Question 20

wernicke’s area

Answer 20

left temporal cortex; language comprehension

Question 21

aphasia

Answer 21

difficulty in producing/compehending language

Question 22

concept

Answer 22

group shared features

Question 23

family resemblance

Answer 23

members have feature that appear in a category but not everyone have it

Question 24

prototype

Answer 24

best member of a category

Question 25

prototype theory

Answer 25

ex: chicken and bird category | - visual cortex

Question 26

exemplar theory

Answer 26

ex: sparrows, robins, ostriches = bird category | - prefrontal cortex/basal gaglia

Question 27

category specific dificit

Answer 27

inability to regonize object that belong to a group | - left hemisphere/cerebral cortex

Question 28

frequency format hypothesis

Answer 28

how frequency things occur

Question 29

availability bias

Answer 29

mistakely judge items that are aviable in memory

Question 30

conjuction fallacy

Answer 30

errors occurs when people think that two event are more likely to occur together

Question 31

framing effect

Answer 31

occurs when pplz give different answer to the same problem on how its phrases

Question 32

suck cost fallacy

Answer 32

pplz make decision about currect situtaion based on invested in the situation

Question 33

prospect theory

Answer 33

choose risky option when looses | avoid risk when gain

Question 34

intelligence

Answer 34

direct, adapt, learn

Question 35

henry goddard

Answer 35

adminstered intelligense test

Question 36

alfred binet/ theodore sinon

Answer 36

created a test

Question 37

ratio IQ

Answer 37

mental age/ person physical age

Question 38

deviation iq

Answer 38

person's test score/ average test score