Chapter 9

Question 1

population

Answer 1

multiple individuals of the same species responding to their environment and interacting with one another in the same area

Question 2

Genet

Answer 2

genetically unique individual produced by sexual reproduction

Question 3

Ramat

Answer 3

genetic individual produced asexually by the ganet. “clone”

Question 4

Distribution

Answer 4

describes the spatial location of a species. Individuals are not evenly distributed in their range

Question 5

Range

Answer 5

area that encompasses all individuals of a species

Question 6

Abundance

Answer 6

“how many?”. a function of density

Question 7

Density

Answer 7

“how many per unit area”. Varies by location

Question 8

What are the three population distribution patterns? (Distribution)

Answer 8

random, uniform, clumped

Question 9

census

Answer 9

direct count of every individual

Question 10

quadrats

Answer 10

subsampling the population and counting individuals within a smaller area

Question 11

mark recapture

Answer 11

subsample and mark/tag. The number of recaptures is proportional to population size

Question 12

What is the equation for population size?

Answer 12

population size = density X area

Question 13

Facilitation

Answer 13

suggested by clumped dispersion. Suggests positive inter and intra specific interactions

Question 14

Dispersal

Answer 14

movement of individuals away from their place of birth. (usually to a vacant habitat)

Question 15

cohort life tables x= lx= nx= dx= qx= bx=

Answer 15

follows a group of individuals all born at the same time x= age class nx= number of individuals in that age class lx= proportion of original cohort surviving to that age dx= number that died(sometimes a portion) qx= dx/nx=age specific mortality rate bx= mean number born in each age class

Question 16

fecundity

Answer 16

rate of production of young by female

Question 17

What are the three types of survivorship curves?

Answer 17

Type I- survival high throughout life, high mortality at the end of life (ex: humans) Type II- survival doesn’t vary with age Type III- high mortality at start of life (ex: tadpoles)

Question 18

lxbx

Answer 18

chance of a female of that age giving birth to female offspring

Question 19

Ro

Answer 19

net reproductive rate (sum of lxbx). Estimates population growth.

R_o < 1 declining population

R_o = 1 population is stable

R_o > 1 increasing population

Question 20

Intraspecific interactions

Answer 20

competitions between individuals of the same species

Question 21

Interspecific interactions

Answer 21

competition between species

Question 22

What are two types of competition?

Answer 22

Competition is when two or more individuals seek a common resource that is limmited.

1. Scramble competition: limmited resources shared by all. All suffer reduced growth as competition increases
2. Contest competition: dominant individuals do the best
   * competition type may change with different life stages

Question 23

Exploitation VS interference

Answer 23

Exploitation results from indrect competition, whereas interference is direct cometition

Question 24

What are some things that may happen with a high population density?

Answer 24

slower growth, longertime to metamorphosis, less succesful metamorphosis

Question 25

self-thinning

Answer 25

density dependant mortality in plant populations