Chapter 9 Flashcards
Skrt (29 cards)
Time-out (behavioral strategy)
utilized when usually a child is isolated or removed from an environment for a specified amount of time so as to ensure that he or she does not receive reinforcement for dysfunctional behavior.
Systematic desensitization
Joseph Wolpe
Pairs feared mental imagery with relaxation to eliminate fear
The first step of systematic desensitization is the identification of an anxiety inducing stimulus hierarchy. The second step is the learning of relaxation or coping techniques. When the individual has been taught these skills, he or she must use them in the third step to react towards and overcome situations in the established hierarchy of fears. The goal of this process is for the individual to learn how to cope with, and overcome the fear in each step of the hierarchy.
Family sculpting (VS)
Popularized by Virginia Satir
experiential / expressive technique in which a family member places other family members and positions that symbolize their relationships with other members of the family. Finally the member places him or herself. this hopes of therapist understand family dynamics that might be missing from a mere discussion of family issues.
Theory of Psychodynamic family counseling
Nathan Ackerman
Recommended studying the family and not just the child who was brought into treatment as the identified patient. Concerned with the internal feelings and thoughts of each individual as well as the dynamics between them.
In psychoanalytic family therapy the word “object” means…
A significant other with whom a child wishes to bond
an individual or the individual’s ego attempts to establish a relationship with an object - often a person or a part of the body - to satisfy needs
When this does not occur, anxiety is manifested
In psychoanalytic family therapy the term “introjects” really means that the client…
Internalizes the positive and negative characteristics of the objects within themselves
Introjects(taking in personality attributes of others that become part of your own self image) will determine how the individual will relate to others
Psychoanalytic concept of “Splitting”
Splitting occurs when a client sees an object or another person as either all good or all bad
Splitting allows one to keep anxiety in check by making objects predictable
Usually begins in childhood by characterizing one’s parent as all good or all bad.
Removing dysfunctional introjects from childhood is curative
Countertransference
Occurs when a counselor has an unresolved issue that impacts the treatment and he’s triggered by a past event or circumstance is similar or analogous to the client or those described by the client
A family actually changes the structure of their family system. According to Watzalawick, Weakland, and Fisch, the family has achieved…
second-order change
actual change in the family structure that alters an undesirable behavior pattern
First-order change
changes that are superficial
basically behavioral changes occur but the organization or structure of the system does not change
thus, it ameliorates symptoms but the changes are often temporary
Second-order change
actual change in the family structure that alters an undesirable behavior pattern.
Peggy Papp’s Greek Chorus
a consultant or supervisory team that observes a session from behind a one-way mirror and sends messages to the therapist or the family
A woman sees her husband as all good sometimes and all bad at others. An analytically trained family therapist who believes in object relations would see this as…
Splitting
As a child this woman internalized an image of her mother as all good at times and all bad at others. She now adheres to this pattern as an adult.
Dysthymia
A low level depression that occurs more days than not for at least one year in kids and teens and for at least two years in adults
James Framo (Psycho analytic family therapist)
important objects (usually parents) often fuel “love-hate” feelings in kids. The more pathological the early life experiences are the more that person as an adult will make all relationships fit the internal “love-hate” scenario from childhood.
Robin Skynner (Psycho analytic family therapist)
British psychoanalyst who feels that kids who had poor role models as children possess protective systems. This simply means that such individuals harbor unrealistic expectations of people in current relationships carried over from childhood.
Jay Haley
coined the term “strategic therapy” to explain Milton Erickson’s method of “designing a strategy for each specific problem.”
believes in giving clients “directives” - which tells a family or client what to do
Double-bind concept (Jay Haley)
no-win situation characterized by contradictory messages such as never smoke again and then smoke as much as you want.
it constitutes a paradox in the sense that the client is told he or she can engage in behavior that the person wishes to abate.
Directive/prescription
a therapeutic task or command
can be used in a paradoxical way (antithesis of common sense)
“prescribing the symptom” - to give a directive to a client/family that is paradoxical
Strategic family counselors often rely on relabeling or reframing. A client says his girl friend yells at him every time he engages in a certain behavior. The best example of reframing or relabeling would be…
Reframing occurs when you redefine a situation in a positive context (make the situation seem acceptable to the client). The situation is described in a positive light to evoke a different emotional response.
In strategic family counseling, the person with the power in the family…
has the authority to make the rules and enforce them
Haley believes you enhance the power of a family member within the context of therapy by speaking to him or her first during the initial session of therapy
Psychoanalytic practitioners do not attack symptoms directly. Strategic therapy…
is pragmatic and often focuses on abating symptoms
Jay Haley’s strategic therapy is solution/symptom focused and very action oriented
Cloe Madanes insists that symptoms serve a function. A child for example sees that her mother is depressed. The daughter throws a glass cup to the floor to break it. This brings her mother out of the depressed state and makes her mother angry and powerful. This is known as….
an incongruous hierarchy
Madanes believes the keys to family functioning is to help children find more direct ways to help their parents so that their symptoms no longer serve a viable purpose.
A malfunctioning hierarchy is evident in most dysfunctional families. The strategic approach asserts that a symptom controls a situation when everything else has failed. A symptom is sometimes viewed as a metaphor for a difficulty being expressed by another family member.
Piaget’s developmental stages
Sensorimotor 0-2
Schema of permanency and constancy of objects
Reflex development/practical intelligence
Object permanence
Preoperational 2-7 -egocentriam
Concrete operational 7-11 - conservation/reversibility
Formal operational 12+
