Chapter 9

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

sum total of genetic material (DNA) in a cell

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule

Question 3

Bacterial chromosome

Answer 3

Is single large circular dna containing most of the organism genetic material

Question 4

Chromosome in eukaryotic cell

Answer 4

Chromosomes linear multiple set of dna

23 pairs in human eukaryotic cells

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

Alternative members of a gene pair which may be homogenous or heterozygous

Question 6

Purine

Answer 6

Adenine and guanine

Question 7

Pyrmides

Answer 7

Cytosine and thymine

Question 8

Present in bacteria and yeast small circular extra chromosomal dna capable of independent replication and contains genes for resistance and or fertility in some bacteria

Answer 8

Plasmid

Question 9

Resistance plasmids which code for genes that Produce enzymes which act against antibiotics and drugs and other chemicals

Answer 9

R plasmids

Question 10

F plasmids

Answer 10

Contains genes that code for f pili which serve as conjugation bridge for gene transfer during conjugation or sexduction

Question 11

Replication

Answer 11

Process that uses existing dna to make new dna copies

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

Uses dna to make rna copies

Question 13

Translation

Answer 13

Uses rna to make protein products

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

Messenger rna carries dna code to be translated into proteins

Question 15

tRNA

Answer 15

Transfers rna carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Question 16

Rrna

Answer 16

Ribosomal rna makes up the major part of the ribosome and participated in protein synthesis

Question 17

Where does translation occur

Answer 17

Occurs in the ribsome if all cells

Question 18

Proteins determine what

Answer 18

They determine phenotype

Question 19

The eukaryotic gene is modified before it’s replicated or transcribed processing

Answer 19

Gene processing

Question 20

Non coding dna segments or intervening sequence

Answer 20

Introns

Question 21

Coding/functional dna segment

Answer 21

Exons

Question 22

Gene expression begins with what

Answer 22

Replication

Question 23

Are splicing enzymes which cuts off introns to join exons during gene processing

Answer 23

Splicesomes

Question 24

An enzymes that joins the free dna ends forming a continuous piece binds or lighter dna fragments together

Answer 24

Dna ligase

Question 25

unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix | •An RNA primer is synthesized at the origin of replication by a primase

Answer 25

Helicase

Question 26

DNA polymerase III

Answer 26

then adds nucleotides in a 5′ to 3′ direction

Question 27

removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA

Answer 27

DNA polymerase I

Question 28

Minimizes formation of supoercoil

Answer 28

Dna gyrose

Question 29

Transcription occurs where in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

Answer 29

Nucleus cytoplasm

Question 30

Transcription uses how many strands

Answer 30

Single strand

Question 31

Stop codons

Answer 31

UGA UAA UAG

Question 32

Start codon

Answer 32

AUG

Question 33

Binding of rna polymerase to the promoter Region that determines the specificity

Answer 33

Initiation

Question 34

RNA polymerase adds nucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand in the 5′ to 3′ direction (Uracil (U) is placed complementary to adenine (A)

Answer 34

Elongation

Question 35

RNA polymerase recognizes a “STOP” sign in the DNA and releases the transcript (100-1,200 bases long)

Answer 35

Termination

Question 36

Removal of interims to join or reconnect exons

Answer 36

Genetic processing

Question 37

Excessive amount of genetic product inhibit the genetic expression

Answer 37

End product inhibition

Question 38

In prokaryotic cells set of genes sequestered and regulated or controlled by adjoining gene

Answer 38

Operons

Question 39

Set of genes that regulate or is responsible for lactose metabolism in bacteria

Answer 39

Lac operant gene

Question 40

What is lactose used for

Answer 40

Lactose is a disaccharide made of a glucose and galactose bacteria uses a glucose to make ATP and respiration

Question 41

What components make up the LAC apron Gene

Answer 41

Regulatory or inducer gene Proctor gene Operator gene

Question 42

Hydrolizes the lactose into it’s monosaccharide components

Answer 42

Betagalactoidase

Question 43

Transports lactose across cell wall

Answer 43

Beta permease

Question 44

This transports lactose across cell membrane

Answer 44

Transacetylase

Question 45

When the inducible gene is continually on

Answer 45

Contituve induction

Question 46

The indictable gene is permanent turned off due to mutation

Answer 46

Constitute repression

Question 47

Permanent inheritable change in gene

Answer 47

Mutation

Question 48

Mutant strains not able to grow on basic or minimum culture medium

Answer 48

Auxotroph

Question 49

Normal or wild type organism that can grow on basic or minimal culture medium

Answer 49

Prototroph