Chapter 9 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Group
Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.
Formal Group
A designated work group defined by an organization’s structure
Informal Group
A group that is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined; such a group appears in response to the need for social contact.
Social Identity Theory
Perspective that considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups.
Ingroup Favoritism
Perspective in which we see members of our ingroup as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same.
Five Stage Group Model
The five distinct stages groups go through: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
Forming Stage
The first stage in group development, characterized by much uncertainty.
Storming
The second stage in group development, characterized by intragroup conflict.
Norming
The third stage in group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness.
Performing
The fourth stage in group development, during which the group is fully functional.
Adjourning
The final stage in group development for temporary groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance.
Punctuated Equillibrium Model
A set of phases that temporary groups go through that involves transitions between inertia and activity.
Role
A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.
Role Perception
An individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation.
Role Expectations
How others believe a person should act in a given situation.
Psychological Contract
An unwritten agreement that sets out what management expects from an employee and vice versa.
Role Conflict
A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations.
Norms
Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members.
Conformity
The adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group.
Deviant Workplace Behavior
Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members. Also called antisocial behavior or workplace incivility.
Status
A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.
Status Characteristics Theory
A theory that states that differences in status characteristics create status hierarchies within groups.
Social Loafing
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.
Cohesiveness
The degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group.
