Chapter 9

Question 1

What is an intelligence test?

Answer 1

A diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability

Question 2

What are higher mental processes?

Answer 2

It includes reasoning, understanding, and judgement

Question 3

What is abstract thinking?

Answer 3

The capacity to understand hypothetical concepts

Question 4

What does intelligence consist of?

Answer 4

Reason abstractly, learn to adapt to novel environmental circumstances, acquire knowledge, and benefit from experience

Question 5

What is g(general intelligence)?

Answer 5

A hypothetical factor that accounts for overall difference in intellect among people

Question 6

What is fluid intelligence?

Answer 6

Refers to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems

Question 7

What is s(specific abilities)

Answer 7

A particular ability level in a narrow domain

Question 8

What is crystallized intelligence?

Answer 8

Refers to the accumulated knowledge of the world we acquire over time

Question 9

What is multiple intelligences?

Answer 9

An idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill

Question 10

What is existential intelligence?

Answer 10

The ability to grasp deep philiosophical ideas, like the meaning of life

Question 11

What is the triarchic model?

Answer 11

A model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative

Question 12

What is analytical intelligence?

Answer 12

The ability to reason logically, “book smarts”, it is closely related to g

Question 13

What is practical intelligence?

Answer 13

Also called “tactic intelligence”, the ability to solve real-world problem, also called “street smarts”, psychologists call this social intelligence

Question 14

What is creative intelligence?

Answer 14

Also called “creativity”. Our ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions

Question 15

What is a brain size myth?

Answer 15

Brain size correlates with intelligence across species. However, it does not correlate with intelligence within species. In actuality, brain volume correlates with intelligence

Question 16

What is reaction time?

Answer 16

Is the speed of responding to a stimuli

Question 17

What is a Stanford-Binet IQ test?

Answer 17

An intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford University

Question 18

What are norms?

Answer 18

Baseline scores in the general population from which we can compare each individual’s score

Question 19

What is the intelligence quotient (IQ)?

Answer 19

Systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence

Question 20

What is mental age?

Answer 20

The age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test

Question 21

What is chronological age?

Answer 21

The person’s actual age

Question 22

What is deviation IQ?

Answer 22

An expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same-aged peers

Question 23

What is eugenics?

Answer 23

Is a movement in the early twentieth century to improve a population’s genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, and discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing.

Question 24

What is WAIS?

Answer 24

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Most widely used intelligence test, consisting of 15 subtests to assess different types of mental abilities

Question 25

What is culture-fair IQ tests?

Answer 25

Abstract reasoning measure that doesn't depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests

Question 26

What is mental energy?

Answer 26

The ability to focus on difficult problems for long periods of time

Question 27

What is health literacy?

Answer 27

The ability to understand health-related information, such as instructions from the doctors or on drug labels

Question 28

What is the bell curve?

Answer 28

The distribution of scores in which the bulk of the scores falls towards the middle, with progressively fewer scores towards the "tails" or extremes

Question 29

What is an intellectual disabilty?

Answer 29

A condition characterized by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below about 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily functioning

Question 30

What is divergent thinking?

Answer 30

The capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem

Question 31

What is convergent thinking?

Answer 31

The capacity to find the single best answer to a problem

Question 32

What is emotional intelligence?

Answer 32

The ability to understand our emotions and those of others, and to apply this information to our everyday lives

Question 33

What is wisdom?

Answer 33

The application of intelligence toward a common good

Question 34

What is ideological immune system?

Answer 34

Our psychological defences against evidence that contradicts ours