Chapter 9 - Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
Commonest antibiotics with significant adverse effects?
Gentamicin + vancomycin = nephrotoxicity + ototoxicity
Broad spectrum antibiotics = clostridium difficile colitis
Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities, AKI, dry cough = which antihypertensives?
ACE inhibitors
Hypotension, bradycardia, wheeze in asthmatics, worsens acute heart failure but treats chronic heart failure = which antihypertensives?
Beta-blockers
Hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema, flushing = which antihypertensives?
Calcium-channel blockers
Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities, AKI, sub-class dependent side-effects including gynaecomastia = which antihypertensives?
Diuretics (gynaecomastia = spiro)
Main side effect of all anticoagulants/antiplatelets?
Haemorrhage
Appropriate way to prescribe new warfarin to a patient?
Has an initial procoagulant phase before taking a few days to become anticoagulant, so should be co-prescribed with heparin until INR >2
Haemorrhage, peptic ulcers + gastritis, tinnitus in large doses = which drug?
Aspirin
Interstitial lung disease, thyroid disease, skin greying, corneal deposits = which drug?
Amiodarone
Side effects of fludrocortisone?
Hypertension/sodium and water retention
Notable drugs with narrow therapeutic index?
Warfarin, digoxin, phenytoin, theophylline
Notable drugs requiring careful dosage control?
Antihypertensives, antidiabetic drugs
Commonest p450 enzyme inhibitors not all included in AO DEVICES?
Grapefruit juice
Ketoconazole
Ciprofloxacin + erythromycin (these are included)
GI bleeding most likely to be caused by…
NSAIDs
Lactic acidosis most likely to be caused by… (pharmacologically)
Metformin
