Chapter 9 and 10 test Flashcards
- What year was Grenada recaptured/
- Columbus set sail on his first voyage?
1492
Grenada was recaptured in 1492, the same year Christopher Columbus set sail on his first voyage.
What year did the Muslim caliphate begin to decline and the Reconquista start?
711 AD
The decline of the Muslim caliphate and the beginning of the Reconquista are generally marked around the year 711 AD when the Muslim forces began their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, leading to the establishment of various Muslim states. The Reconquista, which was the Christian effort to reclaim territory from Muslim rule, began shortly thereafter and continued until 1492 AD when the last Muslim stronghold of Granada fell.
Overall, the decline of the Muslim caliphate can be traced through various events, but the Reconquista is often noted as starting in the early 8th century and culminating in the late 15th century.
What year did Hernán Cortes first arrive in Mexico?
1519.
What was the main reason(s) the Muslims were able to take Spain from the Christians?
The Muslims were able to take Spain from the Christians due to their superior military tactics, internal divisions among the Visigoths, and the element of surprise.
What is the dominant reason that the Muslims lost control of Spain to the Christians?
The dominant reason Muslims lost control of Spain was the unification of Christian kingdoms and the strategic military campaigns during the Reconquista.
What was the Reconquista? What consequences did it have?
The Reconquista was a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims. It resulted in the consolidation of Christian kingdoms and the eventual expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain.
Who were King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were the Catholic Monarchs of Spain who completed the Reconquista and sponsored Columbus’s 1492 voyage.
What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition? Who was targeted?
The Spanish Inquisition aimed to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain, targeting converted Jews and Muslims suspected of heresy.
What is the “Conquistadors’ Formula”?
The “Conquistadors’ Formula” refers to the strategies used by Spanish conquerors, including forming alliances, exploiting rivalries, and using superior weaponry.
How did the Aztecs and the Spanish differ in fighting strategy?
The Spanish conquistadors and the Aztecs differed significantly in their fighting strategies, with the Spanish utilizing superior weaponry, tactics, and cavalry, while the Aztecs relied on their knowledge of the terrain, numbers, and urban warfare tactics.
The Aztecs engaged in ritualistic warfare with an emphasis on capturing enemies, while the Spanish used more lethal and strategic military tactics.
List the advantages that the Spanish had over the Aztecs in battle.
● The Spanish had weapons that took the Aztecs by surprise: muskets and cannons.
● These firearms were common in Europe but unknown in Mexico.
● When the Aztecs first heard firearms go off, they thought it was thunder and lightning.
● Another military advantage the Spanish had over the Aztecs was the horses they brought with them to the New World.
● The Spanish were such well-trained riders that they could hold the reins with one hand and attack with the other.
● The Aztecs, on foot, could not compete.
The Aztecs engaged in ritualistic warfare with an emphasis on capturing enemies, while the Spanish used more lethal and strategic military tactics.
What was the one thing (guns, germs, or steel) that played the largest role in the destruction of the Aztecs?
Germs, particularly smallpox, played the largest role in the destruction of the Aztecs by decimating their population.
Who was Malinche? What did she provide to Cortes?
Malinche was a Nahua woman who served as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary for Cortes, providing crucial assistance in his conquest.
What was the relationship between Cortes and Moctezuma like?
The relationship between Cortes and Moctezuma was complex, characterized by initial diplomacy and eventual betrayal and conflict.
How did Cortes successfully win the battle against the Aztecs?
Cortes won the battle against the Aztecs through strategic alliances, superior weaponry, and exploiting internal divisions among indigenous peoples.
