Chapter 9- Blood & Nutrition

Question 1

Why do they use hydroxycarbamide in sickle cell disease

Answer 1

It can reduce the frequency of crises and the need for blood transfusions

Question 2

Which gender is G6PD deficiency most common in?

Answer 2

Males

Question 3

What ethnicity is G6PD deficiency most common in

Answer 3

African
Asian
Oceania
Southern Europe

Question 4

Patients with G6PD deficiency are susceptible to what when they take certain drugs

Answer 4

Acute haemolytic anaemia

Question 5

True or false: darbepoetin has a longer half life than epoetin therefore can be administered more frequently

Answer 5

False - less frequently

Question 6

Haemoglobin target

Answer 6

10-12g/100ml

Question 7

True or false: ascorbic acid can increase the absorption of iron

Answer 7

True

Question 8

There have been reports of what with IV iron

Answer 8

Serious hypersensitivity reactions

Question 9

Iron PO can cause what side effects

Answer 9

Constipation that can lead to faecal impaction 
Diarrhoea 
Epigastric pain 
GI 
Nausea

Question 10

When the haemoglobin is in range- treatment with iron should continue for how long

Answer 10

3 months to replenish the iron stores

Question 11

Most megaloblastic anaemias result from a lack of either of what two things

Answer 11

Vitamin B12

Folate

Question 12

What do you give if someone has megaloblastic anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 12

Hydroxocobalamin every 3 months (which has replaced cyanocobalamon due to its longer half life)

Question 13

For folate deficient megaloblastic anaemia what is given?

Answer 13

Daily folic acid for 4 months

Question 14

Other that folic acid, what is good in folate deficient megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 14

Folinic acid (calcium folinate) but generally used in association with cytotoxic drugs

Question 15

Caution with folic acid?

Answer 15

Never give alone for pernicious anaemia (may precipitate subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord)

Question 16

Folic acid can be sold to the public providing the dose does not exceed what?

Answer 16

500mcg

Question 17

Name three iron chelators used in iron overload

Answer 17

Deferasirox
Deferiprone
Desferrioxamine

Question 18

MHRA advice with calcium gluconate 10%

Answer 18

Give the plastic version not glass in patients under 18 and those with renal impairment due to risk of aluminium accumulation

Question 19

Why does magnesium cause laxative effects

Answer 19

It’s not well absorbed in the GI tract

Question 20

What’s used for the management of magnesium toxicity

Answer 20

Calcium gluconate

Question 21

If someone has acute porphyria and require a treatment contraindicated but there is no alternative and it’s a life threatening condition - what should be monitored?

Answer 21

Urinary porphobilinogen excretion

Question 22

What can be administered for haem replacement in moderate, severe or unremitting acute porphyria crises

Answer 22

Haem arginate by short IV infusion

Question 23

What prevents the absorption of copper in Wilson’s disease

Answer 23

Zinc acetate

Trientine dihydrochloride

Question 24

What lowers plasma zinc concentration

Answer 24

Hypoproteinaemia

Question 25

Deficiency of vitamin A is associated with what

Answer 25

Ocular defects and increased susceptibility to infections

Question 26

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy is essential in what?

Answer 26

Scurvyyyy

Question 27

Why might patients with fat malabsorption especially in biliary obstruction or hepatic disease become deficient in vitamin K

Answer 27

Because vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin

Question 28

What is given to prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy

Answer 28

Folic acid

Question 29

Another name for vitamin A and why is it needed

Answer 29

Retinol | Helps night vision

Question 30

Sources of vitamin A

Answer 30

Eggs Butter Fish oils

Question 31

Name for vitamin B 1

Answer 31

Thiamine

Question 32

What vitamin is riboflavin

Answer 32

Vitamin B 2

Question 33

What is vitamin B6

Answer 33

Pyridoxine

Question 34

What is vitamin B 12

Answer 34

Cyanocobalamin

Question 35

Signs of vitamin C deficiency

Answer 35

Gingival bleeding Scurvy Bleeding margins Petechia of skin

Question 36

Vitamin D2

Answer 36

Ergocalciferol

Question 37

Vitamin D3

Answer 37

Cholecalciferol

Question 38

Another name for vitamin E

Answer 38

Tocopherol

Question 39

Another name for vitamin K and what's the water soluble version

Answer 39

Menapthone | Menadiol

Question 40

Why is vitamin K given to newborns

Answer 40

Prevent haemorrhagic disease