Chapter 9 Bonding

Question 1

__________ ___________ are the outer shell electrons of an atom that determines an element’s __________

Answer 1

valence electrons, chemistry

Question 2

compared with nonmetals, the number of valence electrons in metals is generally

Answer 2

smaller

Question 3

________ _________ are almost completely unreactive due to _________ __________

Answer 3

noble gases, electron configuration

Question 4

Main group (A) elements tend to _______ or ________ electrons to become isoelectronic

Answer 4

gain or lose

Question 5

isoelectronic means same __________ _________ configuration as nearest noble gas)

Answer 5

valence electron

Question 6

recall that the 4s orbital fills _______ the 3d orbital in the first row of transition metals

Answer 6

before

Question 7

electrons are always lost from the ______________

Answer 7

highest n value

Question 8

two or more species having the same ___________ but different ____________ is called isoelectronic series

Answer 8

electronic configuration, nuclear charges

Question 9

an _________ __________ is a series of two or more species that have _________ electron configurations but _________ nuclear charges

Answer 9

isoelectronic series, identical, different

Question 10

according to ___________ atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire eight valence electrons. except for ______

Answer 10

octet rule, hydrogen

Question 11

during ionic bond formation, electrons are _________ from one atom to another

Answer 11

transferred

Question 12

in ionic bonds, metals _______ electrons

Answer 12

lose

Question 13

in ionic bonds, nonmetals __________ electrons

Answer 13

gain

Question 14

during covalent bond formation, electrons are ________ between two atoms.

Answer 14

shared

Question 15

Shared electrons are available to _______ bonding atoms

Answer 15

both

Question 16

sharing leads to _____________ around each atom

Answer 16

8 valence electrons

Question 17

shared electrons =

Answer 17

bonds

Question 18

non-bonding valence electrons=

Answer 18

lone pairs

Question 19

electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to ________ bonding electrons to itself when it is in a molecule

Answer 19

attract

Question 20

the higher the electronegativity (EN) value of an atom in a molecule, the more ________ it attracts the electrons (more e- hungry) in a ___________

Answer 20

strongly, covalent bond

Question 21

The difference in EN values makes sharing ________ in a __________

Answer 21

unequal, covalent bond

Question 22

Electronegativity increases from _________________ across a ______ and from ______________ for a _______

Answer 22

left to right, period —-> , bottom to top (arrow up), group

Question 23

the electrical attraction of an atom for the shared electrons is called the atom’s

Answer 23

electron affinity

Question 24

What are the numbers for FONC CL H

Answer 24

4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 3, 2.1

Question 25

the most electronegative elements experience an increase in ____________ and attains a __________________

Answer 25

electron density, partial negative charge

Question 26

the less electronegative elements experience an decrease in ____________ and attains a __________________

Answer 26

electron density, partial positive charge

Question 27

dipole consists of

Answer 27

two points of a positive and negative charge

Question 28

when is a bond nonpolar covalent

Answer 28

when there is an electronegativity value of 0, electrons are shared equally by two bonded atoms

Question 29

when is a bond polar covalent

Answer 29

when there is an electronegative difference of more than or equal to 0.1 but less than 1.9 between two bonded atoms

Question 30

a bond is ionic when

Answer 30

there is an electronegative value of equal to or more than 2.0

Question 31

the greater the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms, the greater the percentage of

Answer 31

ionic character in the bond

Question 32

a molecule is polar

Answer 32

when there is an electronegativity difference of more than zero, one region of the molecule is has a small positive charge while the other region has a small negative charge

Question 33

the bonding electrons in a non-polar compound

Answer 33

have the same EN value, are shared equally, symmetric

Question 34

Lewis structures

Answer 34

they show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule

Question 35

a lewis structure

Answer 35

can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule

Question 36

BF3 lewis structure

Answer 36

boron only gets 6 electrons

Question 37

BeCl2 lewis structure

Answer 37

beryllium only gets 4 electrons

Question 38

a single line in a lewis structure represents

Answer 38

single bond, shared pair of electrons

Question 39

ionic bonding

Answer 39

occurs between a metal nonmetal, cation and ion, group 1 and group 7

Question 40

in an ionic bond the elements

Answer 40

transfer electrons

Question 41

what happens to a nonmetal in formation of an ionic bond

Answer 41

the nonmetal gains electrons and gets a negative ion

Question 42

n^2 gives you

Answer 42

orbitals

Question 43

a nonmetal in an ionic bond

Answer 43

gains electrons and forms a negative ion

Question 44

nonmetals want to

Answer 44

gain electrons

Question 45

bonds that cant be represented by lewis structures are known as

Answer 45

resonance