Chapter 9 Cell Reproduction

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

Stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other.

Question 2

Binary fission

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cell division process.

Question 3

Cell-cycle checkpoint

Answer 3

Mechanism that monitors preparedness of a cell for the next stage.

Question 4

Centriole

Answer 4

Rod-like structure at the center of an animal cell.

Question 5

Centromere

Answer 5

Region where sister chromatids are bound together.

Question 6

Chromatid

Answer 6

Single DNA molecule with two strands held together at the centromere.

Question 7

Condensin

Answer 7

Protein that helps sister chromatids coil during prophase.

Question 8

Cyclin

Answer 8

Protein that regulates the cell cycle with cyclin-dependent kinases.

Question 9

Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)

Answer 9

Protein kinase that helps regulate the cell cycle with cyclins.

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Division of the cytoplasm after mitosis forming two daughter cells.

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

Cell, nucleus, or organism with two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Question 12

FtsZ

Answer 12

Protein important in prokaryotic cytokinesis.

Question 13

G0 phase

Answer 13

Distinct from G1, a cell not preparing to divide.

Question 14

G1 phase

Answer 14

First phase of interphase focused on cell growth.

Question 15

G2 phase

Answer 15

Third phase of interphase for final preparations for mitosis.

Question 16

Gamete

Answer 16

Haploid reproductive cell (sperm, egg, etc.).

Question 17

Genome

Answer 17

Total genetic information of a cell or organism.

Question 18

Haploid

Answer 18

Cell, nucleus, or organism with one set of chromosomes (n).

Question 19

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 19

Chromosomes of the same morphology with genes in the same location.

Question 20

Interphase

Answer 20

Period before mitosis (G1, S, and G2 phases).

Question 21

Kinetochore

Answer 21

Protein structure that attracts spindle microtubules during prometaphase.

Question 22

Locus

Answer 22

Position of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 23

Metaphase

Answer 23

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate.

Question 24

Mitotic spindle

Answer 24

Apparatus composed of microtubules that orchestrates chromosome movement.

Question 25

Oncogene

Answer 25

Mutated version of a gene involved in positive cell cycle regulation.

Question 26

p53 protein

Answer 26

Cell-cycle regulatory protein that monitors DNA damage and halts cell cycle progression.

Question 27

Prometaphase

Answer 27

Stage of mitosis where the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.

Question 28

Prophase

Answer 28

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

Question 29

Proto-oncogene

Answer 29

Normal gene that can become an oncogene when mutated.

Question 30

Retinoblastoma protein (Rb)

Answer 30

Regulatory molecule that negatively affects the cell cycle.

Question 31

S phase

Answer 31

Second phase of interphase for DNA replication.

Question 32

Telophase

Answer 32

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes arrive at poles, decondense, and are surrounded by a new nuclear envelope.

Question 33

Tumor suppressor gene

Answer 33

Gene coding for proteins that prevent uncontrolled cell division.