Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 1

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Question 2

True or False: Cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the main stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 3

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

What is the primary molecule produced during glycolysis?

Answer 5

Pyruvate

Question 6

Which gas is consumed during cellular respiration?

Answer 6

Oxygen

Question 7

What is the main energy currency produced during cellular respiration?

Answer 7

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 8

True or False: The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

Answer 9

To produce ATP by transferring electrons through a series of proteins.

Question 10

What is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs when ______ is not available.

Answer 11

oxygen

Question 12

What type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells?

Answer 12

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 13

What type of fermentation occurs in yeast?

Answer 13

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 14

True or False: Cellular respiration is an exergonic process.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

Answer 15

2 ATP

Question 16

What molecule is regenerated in the Krebs cycle to allow the cycle to continue?

Answer 16

Oxaloacetate

Question 17

What are NADH and FADH2?

Answer 17

Electron carriers generated during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ______.

Answer 18

oxygen

Question 19

What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?

Answer 19

Approximately 30 to 32 ATP

Question 20

True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Answer 21

It synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 22

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 22

The process of generating ATP using the energy from the electron transport chain.

Question 23

What is the function of coenzymes like NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Answer 23

To accept electrons and carry them to the electron transport chain.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle is also known as the ______ cycle.

Answer 24

citric acid

Question 25

What happens to pyruvate before entering the Krebs cycle?

Answer 25

It is converted into acetyl-CoA.

Question 26

What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 26

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.

Question 27

True or False: The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the role of carbon dioxide in cellular respiration?

Answer 28

It is a waste product produced during the process.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The energy from electrons in the electron transport chain is used to pump protons into the ______.

Answer 29

intermembrane space

Question 30

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Answer 30

The direct synthesis of ATP from ADP during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Question 31

How many molecules of CO2 are produced in one turn of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 31

2 molecules of CO2

Question 32

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

Answer 32

To convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen is called ______.

Answer 33

anaerobic respiration

Question 34

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 34

The movement of protons across a membrane to generate ATP.

Question 35

True or False: Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the end product of alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 36

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 37

What are the three main products of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 37

NADH, FADH2, and ATP

Question 38

True or False: The electron transport chain is located in the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Answer 39

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The process of cellular respiration can be summarized by the equation: ______ + ______ → ATP + ______ + ______.

Answer 40

Glucose + Oxygen → ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 41

What is the main function of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 41

To produce electron carriers for the electron transport chain.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The energy released during cellular respiration is primarily stored in the form of ______.

Answer 42

ATP

Question 43

What are the two phases of glycolysis?

Answer 43

Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase.

Question 44

True or False: ATP is a stable molecule that can be stored for long periods.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What is the role of lactic acid in muscle cells during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 45

It accumulates when oxygen is scarce and can cause muscle fatigue.

Question 46

What is the primary purpose of fermentation?

Answer 46

To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The mitochondria have a double membrane, with the inner membrane folded into structures called ______.

Answer 47

cristae

Question 48

What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

Answer 48

It drives ATP synthesis during chemiosmosis.