Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

Question 0

What is Fermentation?

Answer 0

A partial degradation of sugars that occur without O2

Question 1

Cellular respiration includes both…

Answer 1

aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 2

Aerobic respiration…

Definition

Answer 2

Consumes organic molecules and oxygen and yields ATP

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but…

Answer 3

It consumes compounds other than oxygen

Question 4

What is the reaction for Cellular Respiration?

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 H2O + energy (ATP + heat)

Question 5

The breakdown of organic molecules is?

Answer 5

Exergonic

Question 6

The transfer of ____ during a chemical reaction _____ _______ stored on organic molecules

Answer 6

Electrons

Releases energy

Question 7

The release of energy is ultimately used to synthesize..

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

Oxidation-reduction reaction are also known as?

Answer 8

Redox reactions

Question 9

What are redox reactions?

Answer 9

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactant

Question 10

In oxidation…

Answer 10

A substance loses electrons

Is oxidized

Question 11

In reduction…

Answer 11

A substance gains electrons

Or is reduced ( the amount of positive charges)

Question 12

Na + Cl —-> Na+ + Cl-

What’s oxidized? Reduced?

Answer 12

Na becomes oxidized

Cl becomes reduced

Question 13

Reducing agent is a/an..

Answer 13

Electron donor

Question 14

Oxidizing agent is a/an…

Answer 14

Electron receptor

Question 15

Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons but…

Example.

Answer 15

Change the electron sharing in covalent bonds

Ex: methane and O2

Question 16

Methane and O2 reaction.

What’s oxidized? Reduced? How?

Answer 16

CH4 + 2 O2 ——> CO2 + Energy + H2O

Methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide
Oxygen is reduced to water

Question 17

During cellular respiration what is oxidized and reduced?

Answer 17

The fuel is oxidized (such as glucose)

Oxygen is reduced

Question 18

Oxidation of glucose is carried out by?

Answer 18

Enzymes called Dehydrogenases

Question 19

What does dehydrogenase need the help of to oxidize glucose?

Answer 19

Coenzyme

Such as NAD+ and FAD

Question 20

What IS the oxidized state of NADH?

Answer 20

NAD+

Question 21

What does NADH represent?

Answer 21

Stored energy that is tapped to synthesize ATP

Question 22

NADH passes the electron to…

Answer 22

The electron transport chain

Question 23

What are the stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 23

Glycolysis
The citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 24

Glycolysis

Answer 24

Breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 25

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Answer 25

In the cytoplasm

Question 26

Glycolysis can take place..

Answer 26

In both the presence and absense of oxygen

Question 27

The citric acid cycle does what?

Answer 27

Completes the breakdown of glucose

Question 28

The citric acid cycle occurs in... | In the presence of?

Answer 28

the mitochondrial matrix In the presence of oxygen

Question 29

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in...

Answer 29

The inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 30

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 30

Accounts for most Id the ATP synthesis

Question 31

Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by?

Answer 31

Redox reactions

Question 32

A small amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and The citric acid cycle by?

Answer 32

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 33

2 major phases of Glycolysis

Answer 33

Energy investment phase | Energy payoff phase

Question 34

Energy investment phase

Answer 34

2 ATP is used

Question 35

Energy payoff phase

Answer 35

4 ATP formed 2 NADH + 2 H+ 2 pyruvate + 2 H2O

Question 36

What is the net of Glycolysis?

Answer 36

Glucose --> 2 pyruvate + 2 H2O 4 ATP - 2 ATP used --> 2 ATP 2 NAD+ + 4e- + 4H+ --> 2 NADH + 2 H+

Question 37

What does acetyl CoA do?

Answer 37

Links The citric acid cycle to Glycolysis

Question 38

Pyruvate enters the _____ in the presence of ______

Answer 38

Mitochondrion Oxygen

Question 39

What has to happen before The citric acid cycle can being?

Answer 39

Pyruvate must be converted to acetyl CoA

Question 40

Where does The citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 40

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 41

Another name for the Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 41

Krebs cycle

Question 42

What happens in the Citric Acid cycle? | What is the result?

Answer 42

The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate. | generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

Question 43

How does the acetyl group join the cycle?

Answer 43

By combining with oxaloacetate. Forming citrate

Question 44

The next 7 steps of the citric acid cycle...

Answer 44

Decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the the process a cycle

Question 45

Where is NADH and FADH2 produced? and what do they do?

Answer 45

There were producer from the cycle and they relay extracted electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 46

What are the 2 parts of oxidation phosphorylation?

Answer 46

Electron transport chain Chemiosmosis

Question 47

Where is the electron transport chain located?

Answer 47

On the cristae of the mitochondrion

Question 48

What does the electron transport chain mostly consist of?

Answer 48

Proteins in multiprotein complexes

Question 49

What happens in the electron transport chain?

Answer 49

NADH or FADH2 results on NAD+ and FAD Electrons are passed through a Number a proteins to O2

Question 50

What is the final electron acceptor?

Answer 50

Oxygen

Question 51

Chemiosmosis is also known as...

Answer 51

The energy-coupling mechanism

Question 52

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 52

The use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

Question 53

The H+ gradient us referred to as a...

Answer 53

Proton-motive force

Question 54

ATP synthase uses ____ to drive __________ which is a _________

Answer 54

The exergonic flow of H+ phosphorylation of ATP endergonic reaction

Question 55

How many ATP is produced during cellular respiration?

Answer 55

About 38 ATP

Question 56

Energy flow during cellular respiration | Chart

Answer 56

Glucose --> NADH --> electron transport chain --> proton-motive force --> ATP

Question 57

In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis couples...

Answer 57

with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP

Question 58

Anaerobic respiration uses.. Example?

Answer 58

An electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other then oxygen Example: sulfate

Question 59

What is the electron acceptor in fermentation?

Answer 59

Pyruvate

Question 60

What does fermentation use instead of an electron transport chain to generate ATP?

Answer 60

Phosphorylation

Question 61

2 types of fermentation

Answer 61

Alcohol | Lactic acid

Question 62

Fermentation consists of what processes...

Answer 62

Glycolysis plus reactions that regenerate NAD+

Question 63

Fermentation produces ___ ATP per ______

Answer 63

2 Glucose molecule

Question 64

What's the difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration?

Answer 64

They have different final electron acceptors

Question 65

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 65

Carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

Question 66

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 66

Organisms they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration