Chapter 9: Cognitive Development

Question 1

When is the Preoperational Stage in cognitive development according to Piaget?

Answer 1

2 to 6 years old

Question 2

True or False? Logical and operational thinking is possible between ages 2 and 6.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Name and explain the first out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.

Answer 3

Centration
The child focuses solely on one idea

Question 4

Name and explain the second out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.

Answer 4

Focus on appearance
The child ignores all attributes in which they cannot see

Question 5

Name and explain the third out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.

Answer 5

Static Reasoning
The child thinks changes are totally sudden

Question 6

Name and explain the fourth out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.

Answer 6

Irreversibility
Child thinks nothing can be undone, they fail to realize things can be reversed

Question 7

What is this called?: Belief that natural objects and phenomena’s are alive
Egocentric reasons that may be involved with regional and irrational ideas

Answer 7

Animism

Question 8

What did Vygotsky say about cognitive development?

Answer 8

It is embedded in social context

Question 9

Explain apprentice thinking.

Answer 9

It is learning that is stimulated by older and more skilled members

Question 10

What can mentors do for children?

Answer 10

They can present challenges, offer assistance, add crucial information and encourage motivation

Question 11

Explain guided participation.

Answer 11

People can learn from others guiding them in experiences

Question 12

What is ZPD?

Answer 12

Zone of Proximal Development
Skills that a person can exercise only with assistance

Question 13

What is scaffolding?

Answer 13

It is support that is tailored to ones needs, the goal is to help the learner master the skill

Question 14

Explain overimitation.

Answer 14

It is the tendency of children from 2 to 6 years old to copy an action that is irrelevant to their learning

Question 15

Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Development that continues throughout childhood.

Answer 15

Maturation of the brain

Question 16

Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Enables the young child to conceptualize and express numbers.

Answer 16

Maturation of language

Question 17

Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Exploration of the world of objects.

Answer 17

Maturation of the child’s curiosity

Question 18

Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Provided by presents, adults and older children.

Answer 18

Structure and scaffolding

Question 19

Explain preschoolers memory.

Answer 19

They have poor memory because the corpus collosm is not yet myelinated and the prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped

Question 20

What is ‘Theory of Mind’?

Answer 20

It is the ability to interpret and remember someone’s thoughts.
Children realize that mental phenomena may not reflect reality.
People can easily be easily fooled.

Question 21

When do children begin to develop ‘Theory of Mind’?

Answer 21

Around age 4

Question 22

What strengthens theory of mind?

Answer 22

Age, general language ability and older siblings

Question 23

When do children understand imagination?

Answer 23

At age 2

Question 24

What is the mediator between brain potential and comprehension?

Answer 24

Words

Question 25

True or False? Internal dialogue is great.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

How many words does a child know at age 2 versus at age 6?

Answer 26

500 vs 1000

Question 27

Name this term: Vocabulary bills quickly and comprehension is good.

Answer 27

Vocabulary explosion

Question 28

Name this term: Speedy and impressive way that children learn.

Answer 28

Fast Mapping

Question 29

Name this term: The children have a hard time with rules of grammar.

Answer 29

Over-Regularization