Chapter 9: Economic uncertainty and hardships (Political instability and the Interregnum)

Question 1

what did the commonwealths creation coincide with

Answer 1

coincided with poor harvests in 1649 and 1650

Question 2

what was the aims of the Irish and Scottish campaigns (1649-1651)

Answer 2

to bring the realms of Ireland and Scotland under control

Question 3

why were the Irish and Scottish campaigns (1649-1651) unsuccessful

Answer 3

they required high taxes, including the unpopular excise and assessment

Question 4

at what battle did the civil wars finally end

Answer 4

at the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of Worcester in 1651

Question 5

why did taxes remain high

Answer 5

• due to the costs of the Scottish and Irish campaigns
• debts from the first and second civil war

Question 6

what war in 1652 was was a costly venture

Answer 6

The First Anglo-Dutch War

Question 7

why was the First Anglo-dutch War a costly venture

Answer 7

investment in new warships was necessary

Question 8

what did the costs of the Anglo-Dutch War consequent in

Answer 8

forced a reluctant Cromwell to recall parliament during the Protectorate

Question 9

what was the consequence of Cromwell recalling parliament during the Protectorate

Answer 9

led to another clash between Protector and parliament over the parliament’s unwillingness to reform

Question 10

what did the death of Cromwell coincide with

Answer 10

coincided with an economic depression, which elevated the sense of instability