Chapter 9 - energy and energy resources

Question 1

the ability to do work

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

work like energy is expressed in …

Answer 2

Joules

Question 3

the energy of an object that is due to the objects motion

Answer 3

kinetic energy

Question 4

kinetic energy

Answer 4

mv2/2 or mass x velocity2/2

Question 5

the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object. (remember, an object accelerates as it falls due to gravity, so the higher an object is lifted above the ground the greater the potential energy.)

Answer 5

Potential energy

Question 6

when you lift an object, you do work on it . You transfer energy to the object

Answer 6

gravitational potential energy

Question 7

gravitational potential energy

Answer 7

weight x height

Question 8

the amount of work an object can do because of the object’s kinetic and potential energies

Answer 8

mechanical energy

Question 9

mechanical energy

Answer 9

potential energy + kinetic energy

Question 10

the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object

Answer 10

Thermal energy

Question 11

….is a measure of thermal energy

Answer 11

Temperature

Question 12

energy of a compound as atoms are rearranged

Answer 12

chemical energy

Question 13

the energy of moving electrons

Answer 13

electrical energy

Question 14

the energy caused by an object’s vibration

Answer 14

sound energy

Question 15

energy produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles

Answer 15

light energy

Question 16

energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 16

Nuclear energy

Question 17

when nuclei join together

Answer 17

fusion

Question 18

when a nucleus splits

Answer 18

fission

Question 19

a change from one form of energy to another

Answer 19

energy conversion

Question 20

storing potential energy in a material that stretches and can return to its original shape

Answer 20

elastic potential energy

Question 21

examples of elastic potential energy are

Answer 21

bow and arrow, crossbow, toy airplane, and pulling a rubber band

Question 22

plants use light energy to make new substances that have chemical energy

Answer 22

Photosynthesis

Question 23

a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching

Answer 23

friction

Question 24

not all ____ is converted into ____; much is lost due to friction

Answer 24

potential energy, kinetic energy

Question 25

a group of objects that transfer energy only to each other

Answer 25

Closed system

Question 26

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

Answer 26

Law of conservation of energy

Question 27

Any time one form of energy is converted into another form,

Answer 27

some of the original energy always gets converted into thermal energy

Question 28

a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed (fossil fuels, nuclear energy)

Answer 28

Non-renewable resources

Question 29

a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago

Answer 29

Fossil Fuels

Question 30

coal, natural gas and petroleum(used to make gasoline, kerosene, wax, and plastics) are an example of what?

Answer 30

Fossil fuels

Question 31

like a fossil fuel plants, a nuclear power plant generates thermal energy that boils water to make steam

Answer 31

Nuclear energy

Question 32

____ is generated from radioactive elements, such as uranium

Answer 32

Nuclear energy

Question 33

nuclear fission is used

Answer 33

Nuclear energy

Question 34

a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed

Answer 34

Renewable resources

Question 35

sunlight is changed into electrical energy through solar cells

Answer 35

Solar energy

Question 36

falling water from a dam turns a turbine which is connected to an electric generator

Answer 36

Hydroelectric energy

Question 37

the kinetic energy of the wind turns the blades of a windmill which turns an electric generator

Answer 37

Wind energy

Question 38

thermal energy caused by the heating of Earth's crust, the steam is used to turn turbines which turns an electric generator

Answer 38

Geothermal energy

Question 39

organic matter such as plants, wood and waste that can be burned to release thermal energy

Answer 39

Biomass (page 262.)

Question 40

_______ of food is converted into _______ when you are active.

Answer 40

Chemical energy, kinetic energy