Chapter 9 Highrise OPS

Question 1

Pg333

A _____ fire can be one of the most unfriendly organizational forums in which to conduct operations and is an extreme challenge for Command

a. old law multiple dwelling
b. new law multiple dwelling
c. high rise
d. new millennium

Answer 1

high-rise

Question 2

Pg333

In high rise fires the coordination of _____ as well as ensuring organizational control point positions are staffed early and adequately is essential.

a. telestaff
b. mutual aid
c. command staff
d. division supervisors

Answer 2

mutual aid

Question 3

Pg333

In high rise fires _____ is often the order of the day as these incidents escalate to multiple-alarm proportions

a. Recon
b. mutual aid
c. command staff
d. division supervisors

Answer 3

Mutual aid

Question 4

pg334

Interagency SOPs can find no greater application than in a ____ fire.

a. high-rise
b. old law
c. new law
d. basement

Answer 4

high-rise

Question 5

pg334

Successful and safe high-rise operations are based on ___ and _____

Answer 5

command and control

Question 6

pg334

Successful and safe high-rise operations are based on command and control. It is easiest to set expectations for this control prior to the incident. This is accomplished through proper
1. p____ planning.
2. effective i_____ recall.
3. s___ o___ p____.
4. comprehensive t____.
5.sound L____.
6. d____

Answer 6

1. pre-fire
2. information
3. standard operating procedures
4. training
5. leadership
6. Discipline

Question 7

pg334

In high rise fires ____ —is the most important aspect of any of the preceding control elements.

a./ training
b. leadership
c. pre-fire planning
d. discipline

Answer 7

discipline

Question 8

pg334

In high rise fires what assist our operations in ways that regular buildings we fight fires in do not?

1. E____S____
2. F____ D____
3. S__ M__ that do not burn
4. S___ S____

Answer 8

1. Enclosed stairways
2. Fire doors
3. Structural material
4. Sprinkler systems

Question 9

pg334

True or False

Virtually no fire department fights a high-rise
fire alone.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

pg334

The worst thing to have, other than no plan is ___

Answer 10

is two plans (or 3 or more).

Question 11

pg334

The best action to take is ____ before the fire

a. reaction
b. proaction
c. no action
d. information gathering

Answer 11

proaction

Question 12

pg334

Your ability to control the troops is directly proportional to how well you have _____ your companies and how well you have shared with others outside your department

a. trained
b. lead
c. teach
d. influenced

Answer 12

trained

Question 13

pg334-335

The same page mentality fostered by a common SOP between assisting communities will
1. S____ the C____ S____
2. foster _____
3. Increase S___ of responders

Answer 13

1. Strengthen the command structure
2. Foster cooperation
3. Increase safety of responders

Question 14

pg334

____ is building is designed to keep the fire in its current location for longer than any other type of building we will face

a. old law
b. balloon frame
c. high rise
d. noncombustible construction

Answer 14

High rise

Question 15

pg335

Due to ______, it is not uncommon to be confronted by very nasty conditions in the fire apartment or hallway if the apartment door was left open

a. time of day
b. reflex time
c. enroute time
d. operation cooperation

Answer 15

reflex times

Question 16

pg335

Merely _____can cause fireballs of mythic proportions to roll out toward unsuspecting and unprepared fire personnel

a. opening a door
b. closing a door
c. opening the skylight
d. roof operations

Answer 16

opening a door

Question 17

pg335

Check all doors for ___

Answer 17

heat

Question 18

pg335

____ conditions along with introduced ____from uncoordinated ventilation can lambaste firefighters

Answer 18

Wind / oxygen

Question 19

pg335

If the tenant has left the apartment ___, the hallway behind that stairwell fire door you are about to open can explode fire at you.

Answer 19

open

Question 20

pg335

the need for someone to control the water supply inside the building, like a pump operator on the upper floor. This person is known in our SOP as ____

a. driver
b. Chauffeur
c. standpipe control
d. FDC operator

Answer 20

standpipe control

Question 21

pg335

who’s job is it to ensure that the system flows, there are no obstructions, and that any pressure-reducing devices are removed.

a. driver
b. Chauffeur
c. standpipe control
d. FDC operator

Answer 21

stand pipe control

Question 22

pg335

The standpipe control operational area is from ___ to the ___

Answer 22

the standpipe on the floor below the fire to the fire floor landing

Question 23

pg335

They assist in ensuring that the line is prop-erly flaked out and advancing and coordinate the operational pressures with the water sup-ply operation.

a. driver
b. Chauffeur
c. standpipe control
d. FDC operator

Answer 23

standpipe control

Question 24

pg335

In highrise fires ____ Contingency plan must be established

a. Communication
b. refill
c. rehab
d. Decon

Answer 24

communication

Question 25

pg335 Communication alternatives include the use of ___ and ___

Answer 25

cell phones and text

Question 26

pg335 In high-rises ___ may work when cell phones do not

Answer 26

TEXT

Question 27

pg335 Although this takes longer, it may be used temporarily to give instructions on what system of communication to try next such as an alternate channel or the phone number of the lobby, front desk, security desk anything that would work in a pinch

Answer 27

TEXT

Question 28

pg335 Another more success-oriented alternative is to direct the personnel operating in key areas (operations, staging, search, and evacuation) to liberate a ____ in a safe area where communications with the command post or dis-patch can be secured. a. radio frequency b. security radio c. wall writing d. landline

Answer 28

landline

Question 29

pg335 ____ are a last option, they should not be overlooked and can be used to deliver lobby phone numbers if texting doesn’t work a. lobby security b. runners c. text d. cell phones

Answer 29

runners

Question 30

pg335 ___ is 100 man fires

Answer 30

high rise fires

Question 31

pg335 In high rise fires to keep the operation advancing in a positive direction, ensure additional ____ are summoned early a. personnel b. water c. ewuipment d. fire apparatus

Answer 31

personnel

Question 32

pg335 It is likely that you may need ____ times the amount of personnel dispatched in the initial alarm to safely control the fire, a. one b. two c. three d. four

Answer 32

three

Question 32

pg336 In order to control the fire, you must control the ____ a. utilities b. fireground c. water supply d. flow paths

Answer 32

fireground

Question 33

pg336 Establish _____ early to avoid the “kittens out of the box” situation where companies are not properly organized and directed to the proper operational area. a. water supply b. stand pipe operator c. control points c. lobby guy

Answer 33

control points

Question 34

pg 336 Elevator control should not bring people to the fire floor instead they should be brought ___ floors below the fire a. one b. two c. three d. four

Answer 34

two

Question 35

pg 336 Check how the ___ will affect your operation a. water supply b. time of day c. height of building d. wind

Answer 35

wind

Question 36

pg 336 Check how the wind is going to affect your operation. Go to the floor ____ the fire in the same apartment line. Open and access the area directly below the fire as if you were going to fight the fire there. Open the hallway door, open the apartment door, and then open the apartment window. If the wind blows through the apartment toward the hallway, be careful about ____ and be pre-pared for a fire-created window breakage that can push fire like a blowtorch toward attacking firefighters.

Answer 36

floor below / venting

Question 37

pg336 Do not vent any fire apartment windows and keep the bulkhead door closed during the ____. a. evacuation b. attack c. water supply d. roof operations

Answer 37

attack

Question 38

pg336 Two options can be utilized to help the attack. 1. One is to utilize a ____ 2. ___ the stairwell

Answer 38

1. fire curtain 2. pressurize

Question 39

pg336 ___ seals the window and prevent wind from blowing the fire at the attack teams a. fog nozzle b. mechanical ventilation c. horizontal ventilation d. fire curtain

Question 40

pg336 to pressurize the stairwell behind the attack by using an ____ from the ____ or in the _____

Answer 40

1. electric fan 2. floor below 3. fire floor landing

Question 41

pg336 Do not use ___ to pressurize the stairwell behind the attack

Answer 41

gas fans

Question 42

pg336 The use of ___ might reverse the gases and heat back toward the fire apartment

Answer 42

gas fans

Question 43

pg336 A severely vicious ____ condition may still overpower a fan pressurizing a hallway so be prepared for and ready to react to unintended consequences of alternative actions a. wind b. fire c. water supply d. temperature

Answer 43

wind

Question 44

pg336 _____ is one of the hilliest urban areas in America, second only to San Francisco,)

Answer 44

North Hudson

Question 45

pg336 In North Hudson because of ____ conditions caused by the terrain, hallways can turn into infernos

Answer 45

windy

Question 46

pg336 Scout out where you will be going! This should be done by the _____ and checked out by a _____ as soon as possible.

Answer 46

1. first-arriving companies 2. Chief officers

Question 47

pg336 The simple act of going to the floor ___ the fire and checking the ___ and ____ of the apartment below the reported fire will be beneficial, not only to the orientation of those who have to attack the fire but also to those who have to conduct a primary search.

Answer 47

1. below 2. physical location and layout

Question 48

pg337 True or False we don't save what is already lost

Answer 48

True

Question 49

pg337 Fully involved apartments or hallways where the heat conditions are ungodly for firefighters are not conducive to victim ____. Recognize that and make some attempt to ____ the fire before committing personnel to areas that are untenable.

Answer 49

1. survival 2. knock down

Question 50

pg338 In high rise fires many departments utilize a small diameter line for attack, either a____ inch line or a ___ inch line. With a ____ nozzle,

Answer 50

1. 1-3/4 2. 2 inch 3. solid bore

Question 51

pg338 if you can’t make it with the smaller line, the answer is not to stretch another small line, but to go with something ___ with more reach, penetration, and extinguishing power

Answer 51

bigger

Question 52

pg338 True or false If the air supply goes, so does the operation

Answer 52

true

Question 53

pg338 A large portion of your equipment pool must be spare ____ a. decon wipes b. water bottles c. SCBA bottles d. Pike poles / Halligans

Answer 53

SCBA cylinders

Question 54

pg338 On High Rise fires you might want to direct, via SOP, that anyone coming in on additional alarms bring spare ___ to the resource division with them

Answer 54

cylinders

Question 55

pg338 If you have an MSU with spare cylinders on it or spares on the apparatus at the scene, you might want to have a special ___ (or liberate one from the building) to shuttle SCBA upstairs. a. Chauffeur b. aid c. cart d. Resources

Answer 55

cart

Question 56

pg338 ___ for this air, plan who will bring it, and make sure it is enforced at all incidents.

Answer 56

Plan

Question 57

pg338 Trying to fit our bread-and-butter tactics in high rise fire situations does not work. It comes down to recognition of potential conditions by not under-estimating the fire’s potential, adjusting strategy and tactics, and fighting the fire based on the characteristics of the ___ and ____ and not on the one-size-fits-all mentality.

Answer 57

building / environment

Question 58

pg338 Most modern high-rise buildings are class ____ a. class 1 fire resistive b. class 2 limited / noncombustible c. class 3. ordinary construction d. class 4 heavy timber

Answer 58

1 fire-resistive construction

Question 59

pg338 A working definition for a high-rise building is described as any _____

Answer 59

building over 75feet in height and equipped with a standpipe and/or sprinkler system.

Question 60

pg338 The ____ of the building may or may not cooperate with your efforts to extinguish the fire. The degree of this cooperation will depend on Command’s ability to control the b___ s___ the mass of t___ assembled to fight such a fire, and the degree of c____ in the building

Answer 60

1. design 2. building systems, 3. troops 4. compartmentalization

Question 61

pg338 Plans for personnel, deployment, and tactical reserve must be established beforehand via a. mutual aid b. automatic aid c. 4th alarm d. a and b

Answer 61

d

Question 62

pg338 The high-rise ___ must be comprehensive and adopted by the mutual-aid group so that all responding departments are on the same page

Answer 62

SOP

Question 63

pg338 The most important aspect of a successful high-rise operation is the establishment of an efficient ___ organization. a. command b. water supply c. fireground tactics d. fireground strategies

Answer 63

command

Question 64

pg338 Command must be prepared to reduce their span of control and decentralize the fireground by establishing organizational ____ to coordinate operations in specific areas of the building a. fireground tactics b. communication c. command d. control points

Answer 64

control points

Question 65

pg338 Personnel assigned specific command responsibilities are essentially organizational _____ to assist in meeting command and control requirements. a. control devices b. control points c. branches d. divisions

Answer 65

control devices

Question 66

pg338 Incident commanders who fail to delegate ____ for the various areas of the building will be quickly overwhelmed.

Answer 66

responsibility

Question 67

pg338-339 Most unsuccessful high-rise operations are the result of uncoordinated, unorganized ____ and violations of the principle of _____

Answer 67

1. operations 2. Span of control

Question 68

pg339 Realize that a ___ is an ally a. the wind b. height of the building c. decon ops d. fire resistive buildings

Answer 68

fire resistive building

Question 69

pg339 It is designed to hold the fire in place while at the same time allowing the occupants to flee the fire apartment or be protected in place. a. ordinary construction b. heavy timber c. lightweight wood frame construction d. fire resistive building

Answer 69

fire resistive building

Question 70

pg339 The only ways the fire can get out of the apartment are if the apartment door is left open or via ____ a. auto exposure b. manual exposure c. stairwell exposure d. roof exposure

Answer 70

auto exposure

Question 71

pg339 North Hudson Regional Fire typically attacks residential high-rise fires with ___ -inch attack hose connected to a ____ whereby a second line can be stretched

Answer 71

2 inch witha gated wye

Question 72

pg339 In North Hudson ___ amount of firefighters suffered burns due to inadequate water flow

Answer 72

19

Question 73

pg339 In a high rise fire If no other options are avail-able, consider allowing a _____ burn by closing the doors and letting the fire consume the fuel a. vent controlled b. exposure controlled c. fuel controlled d. all the above

Answer 73

vent-controlled

Question 74

pg339 The challenge for Command and the responding companies is to control the ____ factor, find out where the fire is, figure out the best way to access it, assemble sufficient amount of attack and supervisory personnel to the fire area (including tactical reserve), get the lines and support in place, and put it out

Answer 74

1. freak-out

Question 75

pg 340 The establishment of ___ is the first and most important control operation to take place at a high-rise (or any) fire a. command b. construction c. control points d. communication

Answer 75

command

Question 76

pg 340 The establishment of command is the first and most important control operation to take place at a high-rise (or any) fire. The next responsibility is to begin establishing ___ to serve as gates or access points to operational areas. a. command b. construction c. control points d. communication

Answer 76

control points

Question 77

pg 340 Strategically placed and well managed forward ___ and ____ positions will give the fire forces the best chance for success at this difficult fire situation

Answer 77

command / support

Question 78

pg 340 _____ must be established to most efficiently meet the three rules of fire-ground operations: get ‘em in safe, work ‘em safe, and get ‘em out safe. These three little rules are the basis for any fireground operation, but they are critical at a high-rise fire A. Department operations B. Organizational gates c. Department SOPS d. Department SOGS

Answer 78

Organizational gates

Question 79

pg 340 These three little rules are the basis for any fireground operation and is critical in high rise

Answer 79

1. get em in safe 2. work em safe 3. get em out safe

Question 80

pg 340 it is imperative to establish, manage, and maintain several control points when fighting high-rise building fires. These include the following: 1. C____ post 2. Command c____—not a control point, but a tool to assist in incident management 3. R___ and I___ company—same as above 4. L___ C___ Post 5. E___ control 6. O____ division 7. R___ division 8. R____ and E___ division 9. S___ and E___ division

Answer 80

1. Command post 2. Command Company 3. Resource and inventory 4. Lobby control post 5. Elevator Control 6. Operations division 7. Resource division 8. Rehab and EMS division 9. Search and evacuation (SAE) division

Question 81

pg340 A ___ must be established in the building lobby or other designated area. a. control point b. search and evacuation division c. resource division d. rehab division

Answer 81

command post

Question 82

pg 240 A good place for the command post is at the building communications desk. This will afford access to building _____ systems, _____ equipment, and ____

Answer 82

1. communication 2. alarm annunciation 3. building personnel

Question 83

pg 341 Liaison with ____ personnel should be established immediately. a. vent teams b. utilities c. building maintenance d. all the above

Answer 83

building maintenance

Question 84

pg 341 A set of ____ should be made available and a copy should be sent up to the operations division. a. building keys b. building access cards c. building floor plans d. all the above

Answer 84

building floor plans

Question 85

pg 341 Computerized ___ and ____ may also be beneficial if available in eyeing up conditions

Answer 85

floor plans / closed circuit TV

Question 86

pg 341 Fire department personnel should control and ensure the proper operation of the following building systems: 1. Operation of f___ p___ 2. Shutting down the h___systems 3. Control of e___ 4. Initiation and use of any specialized c___ systems 5. A____ systems

Answer 86

1. Fire pumps 2. HVAC 3. elevators 4. communications 5. alarm

Question 87

pg 341 Early control of building ____ will allow the command structure to expand in an organized manner a. communications b. plans c. lobby d. elevators

Answer 87

communications

Question 88

pg 341 From the command post, a strategy can be formulated to mitigate the incident based on reports of ___ generated in the fire area. a. water b. conditions c. elevator operation status d. construction hazards

Answer 88

conditions

Question 89

pg 341 Additional alarms should be transmitted with ____ in mind. a. wind direction b. building material c. reflex time d. progress report times

Answer 89

reflex time

Question 90

pg 341 Responding companies should report to an established apparatus ____ that should be close enough to the building so the reflex time is not so long, but far enough away so as not to endanger personnel or apparatus with falling glass and other hazards from the building.

Answer 90

staging area

Question 91

pg 341 An often overlooked matter that Command should order is the ____ in high rise fires a. manifold b. 2 FDC 3. silencing of the alarms d. all the above

Answer 91

silencing of the alarms

Question 92

pg 341 In the initial stages of an incident, Command must take actions to prevent being overwhelmed while trying to sort out the mountain of preliminary information being directed to the command post. An option is to request a ____ , sometimes called a support company a. command company b. engine company c. alarm company d. all the above

Answer 92

a command company

Question 93

pg 341 A support company can be either a 1. e___ c___ 2. a__ c___ 3. s___ c___

Answer 93

1. engine company 2. alarm company 3. special company

Question 94

pg 341 The ____ operates to support command post activities a. engine company b. alarm company c. special call d. command company

Answer 94

command company

Question 95

pg 341 a command company is referred to as a __

Answer 95

support company

Question 96

pg 341-342 Some of the functions the officer may perform include the following: 1. As incident s___ o___ 2. Assigned to the command post to assist in c___ f____ 3. As the w__ s__ officer, * r__ d__ supervisor, * c____ officer, or other command positions 4. As a d___ supervisor 5. As an o__ t__ officer, documenting calls from the upper floors and prioritizing their degree of seriousness

Answer 96

1. safety officer 2. command functions 3. water supply / rehab division / communications 4. division 5. occupant tracking

Question 97

pg342 In instances where more than three engine companies are assigned to the response, the incident commander can choose to use the first-arriving engine company as a ____ company a. attack b. command c. safety d. ventilation

Answer 97

command

Question 97

pg342 Firefighters may be utilized in the following manner: 1. A____ their officer with assigned duties 2. Being assigned to other o___ 3. Operating as a___ to supervisors of the operations and resource divisions 4. Initiating a____ procedures, such as setting up a command board and coordinating the accountability of companies as they report in to the command post. 5. Peripheral duties such as s___ a___, checking on the status of f___ p___, shutting down u ___and H___ systems, and coordinating S ___filling operations 6. Supplementing the personnel contingent of R___ teams 7. A ____ the apparatus staging officer or resource division officer in demobilization activities

Answer 97

1. Assisting 2. officers 3. aides 4. accountability 5. silencing alarms, fire pumps, utilities , HVAC, SCBA 6. RIC 7. Assisting

Question 97

pg342 In a three-person engine company, the officer becomes the initial ___ division supervisor, coordinating the attack on the fire floor at the outset of the operation a. attack b. water supply c. rehab d. operations

Answer 97

operations

Question 97

pg342 The chauffeur becomes the ____control a. elevator b. stairwell c. SAE d. roof

Answer 97

elevator

Question 97

pg342 The third firefighter becomes a ____ at the command post a. lobby control b. stairwell control c. elevator control d. command aide

Answer 97

command aide

Question 97

pg342 If a fourth firefighter is assigned, this firefighter can operate as the ___ to the officer, the initial operations division supervisor. a. lobby control b. stairwell control c. elevator control d. aide

Answer 97

aide

Question 98

pg342 ___ and ___ (essentially firefighter safety) are more important than the attack operation in the initial stages of the fire.

Answer 98

Command and control

Question 99

pg342 The assignment of a ____ company is not exclusively reserved to a high-rise operation. It should be utilized whenever the incident commander foresees a need to delegate specific functions on the fireground. a. elevator company b. command company c. engine company d. stairwell company

Answer 99

command

Question 100

pg342 The _____ is established as the control organization literally builds from the bottom up. a. elevator company b. SAE team c. RIC team d. lobby control post

Answer 100

lobby control post

Question 101

pg342 Initial lobby control may be handled by the member designated ____ , but this responsibility should be assigned to another officer as quickly as possible a. Stairwell control b. Water supply c. Elevator control d. all the above

Answer 101

elevator control

Question 102

pg342 The ____ post is the access or jump-off point to upper floor operations, the gatekeeper, so to speak. a. Command post b. Lobby control c. Elevator control post d. Apparatus staging area

Answer 102

lobby control

Question 103

pg342 The _____ is responsible for funneling the crews from the command post to the proper elevator or stairwell to ensure they arrive safely at the resource division on the designated floor a. Elevator control officer b. Lobby control officer c. Roof division supervisor d. Firefighter

Answer 103

lobby control officer

Question 104

pg342 The ____ is the foundation of the personnel accountability system at an incident Many departments assign this function to the accountability officer a. Command post b. Lobby control c. Elevator control post d. Apparatus staging area

Answer 104

lobby control post

Question 105

pg342 No personnel are to be admitted to an upper operational area without first passing through the ___ a. Command post b. Lobby control post c. Elevator control post d. Apparatus staging area

Answer 105

lobby control post.

Question 106

pg342 ____ This vital position is usually staffed by one of the members of the first-arriving companies. a. Command post b. Lobby control post c. Elevator control d. Apparatus staging area

Answer 106

Elevator control.

Question 106

pg342 ____ operates as a personnel and equipment shuttle between the lobby and the resource division two floors below the fire. a. Command post b. Lobby control post c. Elevator control d. Apparatus staging area

Answer 106

Elevator control

Question 107

pg342 The elevator must be placed in the ___ mode as soon as it is captured

Answer 107

fire service

Question 108

pg342 It must be strictly enforced that elevator control not operate any higher than ___ floors below the lowest reported fire floor unless there are known blind shafts present that allow the elevator to access areas above the fire with no possibility of ___ on the fire floor

Answer 108

two / opening

Question 109

pg343 ____ should be kept in the elevator in case there is a need to force open the elevator doors during a malfunction or unintended electrical shutdown. a. water can b. foam c. Forcible entry tools

Answer 109

Forcible entry tools

Question 110

pg343 The member placed in charge of elevator control must not relinquish this position until ____ or properly relieved by fire department personnel at the orders of a ___officer.

Answer 110

incident termination / chief

Question 111

pg343 A key responsibility of the member assigned elevator control is to limit the amount of ___ and ___ that enters the elevator at any given time

Answer 111

personnel / Equipment

Question 112

pg343 elevators, especially in older high rises, were just not designed to handle the load placed on it by __ and their ___

Answer 112

firefighters / equipment.

Question 113

pg343 Depending on the elevator’s age and weight limit, it is usually not a good idea to place more than __ or __ firefighters and their equipment inside the elevator. This number includes the elevator control firefighter.

Answer 113

four or five

Question 114

pg343 In elevators you should check the ___ placard inside the car

Answer 114

occupant and weight load

Question 115

pg343 At incidents where elevator use is not warranted, the elevators should still be recalled to the __, ___, and placed under the control of the ___ to prevent any occupants from using the elevators

Answer 115

lobby / search / fire department

Question 116

pg343 placing the elevators under ____ helps ensure that they are unavailable for occupant or unauthorized firefighter use.

Answer 116

fire service control

Question 117

pg343 Placing ___ tape across the elevator area also prevents any unauthorized use

Answer 117

barrier

Question 118

pg343 The best action to take may be to ___ and ____ to ensure that all unauthorized use is prevented.

Answer 118

shut the elevator down l lock out operating controls

Question 119

pg343 The second-arriving chief officer, usually a battalion chief, will be designated as the ____ division supervisor and will set up the operations division one to two floors below the fire. a. safety b. accountability c, operations d. EMS

Answer 119

operations

Question 120

pg343 C___ and C__ is critical in this early operational period and must be initiated as soon as possible

Answer 120

command and control

Question 121

pg343 If things are going to go wrong, they will usually do so during this ___ phase of operation.

Answer 121

initial

Question 122

pg343 It is critical that someone take command of the fire floor operation prior to the operations division being formally established. The best person to perform this function is the _____ (command company officer) in the fire area.

Answer 122

first-arriving company officer

Question 123

pg343 Ideally, this officer should stay out of the hands-on operation and become both the fire attack coordinator and the communications link between the fire area and Command until relieved by the designated operations division supervisor.

Answer 123

first-arriving company officer

Question 124

pg343 The designated chief officer will establish a formal ____division a. operations b. water c. fire escape d. safety

Answer 124

operations

Question 125

pg343 The location of the operations division should be in close proximity to the ____ stairwell,

Answer 125

attack

Question 126

pg343 One of the most important responsibilities of the operations division supervisor, whoever it is early on, will be to establish an ____ and, if possible, an ___ and ___ and relay this information to the command post.

Answer 126

attack stairwell / evacuation and ventilation stairwell

Question 127

pg343 The ___ division supervisor will be responsible for operations on the fire floor and floor above.

Answer 127

operations

Question 128

pg343 - 344 It is crucial to have an ___ assigned to the operations division who will remain at the operations division when the supervisor is operating elsewhere. a. battalion chief b. EMS captain c. ladder company d. aide

Answer 128

aide

Question 129

pg 344 The operations division must furnish progress reports to the command post at regular intervals, informing Command of current c____ as well as p__ and e____ requirements.

Answer 129

conditions / personnel and equipment

Question 130

pg 344 It is best to operate on at least ___ frequencies—one as the ___ channel and the other as the o___, f____, or t___channel.

Answer 130

two / command / operations, fireground, tactical

Question 131

pg 344 If standpipe ____ are available, they should be utilized because portable radios are often inefficient in these buildings a. cribbing b. telephones c. radio frequencies d. computers

Answer 131

telephones

Question 132

pg 344 Control point supervisors should not overlook the ___ tactic. An apartment or office in the operations division or other control point area can be liberated for use as a sort of upper floor field office. Here, phones can be used to relay information to the command post, between control point areas, and possibly dispatch a. phone stock b. phone assit c. cellphone kidnap d. phone kidnap

Answer 132

phone kidnap

Question 133

pg 344 ____ supervisors must be flexible and creative in their approach to keep command informed.

Answer 133

Division

Question 134

pg 344 The ____ chief is also responsible for keeping an account of companies operating in assigned areas. One simple way is by using a black felt-tip p___ and a w___ to account for personnel

Answer 134

operations pen / wall

Question 135

pg 344 The initial personnel complement assigned to the operations division should be at least ___ and ___ on the fire floor, and the same on the floor above.

Answer 135

two engines and a ladder company

Question 136

pg 344 The ___ team will be positioned at the operations division, properly equipped and at the ready. a. Ventilation b. Water Supply c. RIC d. Forcible Entry

Answer 136

RIC

Question 137

Pg345 The ____ division should be established next and located one floor below the operations division a. resource b. rehab c. SAE d. Lobby

Answer 137

resource

Question 138

Pg345 ____ is the jump-off point for companies reporting to the operations division for assignment. a. resource b. rehab c. SAE d. Lobby

Answer 138

Resource Division

Question 139

Pg345 ____ division is set up after the operations division

Answer 139

resource

Question 140

Pg345 The resource division will also be staffed by a ___ officer and possibly an aide. a. chief b. company c. EMS captain d. dispatch

Answer 140

chief

Question 141

Pg345 why is the resource division set up after the operations division? ____

Answer 141

because the companies on the initial alarm will be working in the operations area,

Question 142

Pg345 The _____ division supervisor is responsible for accounting and staging all reporting companies. a. operating b. logistics c. supply d. operations

Answer 142

resource

Question 143

Pg345 The ____ division also stores equipment that will supply the operations division a. resource b. roof c. ventilation d. stairwell

Answer 143

resource

Question 144

Pg345 The resource division supervisor must coordinate personnel and equipment requirements with 1. ___ 2.___ 3.____

Answer 144

1. Command Post 2. Operation Division 3. SAE Division

Question 145

Pg345 Strive to keep the resource division staffed with at least ___ at all times

Answer 145

two engine companies and one ladder or rescue company

Question 146

Pg345 Possibly the most valuable equipment required at the resource division will be extra ____ a. handlines b. water supply c. personnel d. SCBA cylinders

Answer 146

SCBA cylinders.

Question 147

Pg345 ___should assign responsibility for bringing spare air cylinders to the resource division. a. the department b. SOPs c. Chief officers d. Incident Commanders

Answer 147

SOPs

Question 148

Pg345 When two or three high-rise packs or hose bundles, lifelines, hydraulic forcible entry tools, and TICs are brought upstairs, all additional personnel responding should be adding to the stockpile of ____ to keep the operation moving a. forcible entry tools b. water cans c. NY hooks d. SCBA cylinders

Answer 148

SCBA cylinders

Question 149

Pg345 Some new high-rises have been built with an ____ where there is either a central cascade system supplying air manifolds on designated floors or a fire department connection (FDC) for the MSU on the exterior of the building to allow an external source to supply air to the system. a. air standpipe b. air FDC c. dry sprinklers d. air mixed sprinklers

Answer 149

air standpipe

Question 150

Pg346 The____ company works with the resource division supervisor and is responsible for equipment gathering and accounting as well as coordinating an SCBA shuttle to the resource division. a. enclosed and open stair well company b. forcible entry and ventilation company c. The resource and inventory

Answer 150

The resource and inventory (R&I)

Question 151

Pg346 They are essentially the store-keepers of the operation, ensuring adequate equipment is either in place or on its way. a. enclosed and open stair well company b. forcible entry and ventilation company c. The resource and inventory

Answer 151

The resource and inventory (R&I)

Question 152

Pg346 ____company is responsible for the maintenance of equipment pools and the requesting of additional equipment as the needs arise a. enclosed and open stair well company b. forcible entry and ventilation company c. The resource and inventory

Answer 152

The resource and inventory (R&I)

Question 153

Pg346 further duty for the resource division supervisor is to set up a ___ division one floor below the resource division a. decon b. SAE c. R&I d. rehab

Answer 153

rehab

Question 154

Pg346 What should be made available in the Rehab Division? 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer 154

1. Medical personnel 2. equipment 3. water 4. food

Question 155

Pg346 It is the responsibility of the ___ division supervisor to send companies to the rehab division for relief, while still maintaining proper staffing levels at the resource division. a. SAE b. R&I c. Ventilation d. resource

Answer 155

resource

Question 156

pg346 (R&I) means

Answer 156

Resource and inventory company

Question 157

pg346 the rehab division is one floor below the ___

Answer 157

resource division

Question 158

pg346 The ____division operates above the fire a. resource b. rehab c. SAE d. operations

Answer 158

SAE

Question 159

pg346 Progress reports regarding ____ on the fire floor must be furnished by the operations division to the SAE division at regular intervals. a. conditions b. time c. location and extent d. water supply

Answer 159

conditions

Question 160

pg346 The ____ division should be established in a safe area in close proximity to the elevators and/or stairwells where there is a standpipe telephone jack or a telephone a. resource b. rehab c. SAE d. operations

Answer 160

SAE

Question 161

pg346 The responsibility of the ___ division supervisor is to recon all floors from two floors above the fire to the roof. a. RIT b. rehab c. SAE d. operations

Answer 161

SAE

Question 162

pg346 The SAE Division operations include a search for fire extension, especially in ___ areas and ___ closets.

Answer 162

shaft / utility

Question 163

pg346 The main function of the SAE division is to determine whether occupants should be ___ or ___ in place based primarily on information received from the ____ division.

Answer 163

evacuated / protected / operations

Question 164

pg346 If evacuation is not necessary, residents already out in the hallways and especially in the stairwells can be placed in nearby ____ with neighbors until the emergency is over; this is also known as horizontal evacuation.

Answer 164

apartments

Question 165

pg346 Any occupants who must be evacuated must be brought down designated ____ a. enclosed stairwell b open stairwell c. fire escape d. evacuation stairwells.

Answer 165

evacuation stairwells.

Question 166

pg346 The SAE division should be staffed with at least ____ companies at all times a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Answer 166

four

Question 167

pg346 Split these companies into two teams, assigning one team of two companies to search from the ____ while the other team of two companies searches from ____

Answer 167

1. roof down 2. two floors above the fire upward

Question 168

pg346 Progress reports of search results and conditions should be made to the SAE division every ____ floors a. 5 b. 3 c. 2 d. 3

Answer 168

five

Question 169

pg346 It is the responsibility of the ___ division supervisor to keep the operations division informed of the status of SAE division operations and conditions as well as coordinate personnel needs with the resource division

Answer 169

SAE

Question 170

pg347 The term ___ is used for above the fire high rise work and was established in ___

Answer 170

RATs / Chicago

Question 171

pg347 RATs mean a. rapid attack team b. rapid ascent team c. rapid aerial team d. rapid action team

Answer 171

Rapid Ascent team

Question 172

pg347 ____ these companies are utilized to quickly access and clear the stairwells in the attack stairwell above the fire. a. RIT b. RAT c. RIC

Answer 172

RATs

Question 173

pg 347 Rapid ascend teams are entirely dedicated to the ___

Answer 173

stairwell

Question 174

pg 347 _____ assignment will be the fuel that drives the high-rise operation a. resource and inventory b. operations c. control point d. rapid ascent teams

Answer 174

Control point

Question 175

pg 347 a _____ can exist within a department when acting officers are charged with filling in positions that they would not normally staff on a day-to-day basis a. command vacuum b. command crisis c. command issue d. command leadership

Answer 175

command vacuum

Question 176

pg 347 ____ can cause brain scramble a. Rapid situation escalation b. Rapid department promotion c. Loss of department moral

Answer 176

Rapid situation escalation

Question 177

pg 347 The degree to which the brain can be scrambled is directly proportional to how quickly the situation ____, and how far removed that person is from his or her ___zone

Answer 177

escalates / comfort

Question 178

pg 347 North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue has placed a ____ in service to assist those officers acting out of position in confidently carrying out their assigned duties

Answer 178

high-rise command kit

Question 179

pg 347 This high-rise command kit enables anyone who can read to function as a ____ a. safety officer b. command officer c. control point d. rehab supervisor

Answer 179

control point

Question 180

pg 347-348 The high-rise command kitconsists of several laminated clipboards on which the duties of the ___ divisions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In addition, the battalion and deputy cell phone numbers are on the bottom of each sheet.

Answer 180

1. incident commander, operations 2. division supervisor, 3. resource division supervisor, 4. search and evacuation division supervisor, 5. rehab division supervisor have been attached.

Question 181

pg348 The ____ also contains a laminated NHRFR high-rise quick reference guide (based on the SOP), dry erase markers, permanent markers, grease pencils and pads for making notes

Answer 181

high rise kit

Question 182

pg348 The high-rise command kit is carried in the ____ vehicle a. command b. first arriving apparatus c. all engine companies d. fire inspector

Answer 182

command

Question 183

pg348 The dry erase markers and grease pencils are used to check off the ____ outlined on the clipboards; the permanent markers can be used to set up crude upper floor ____ systems in the areas of operation

Answer 183

duties / accountability

Question 184

pg348 Having the clipboard permits a review of ___ in the elevator on the way up. a. reps b. duties c. time management d. progress reports

Answer 184

duties

Question 185

pg348 Operations on ____ ground are where costly organizational mistakes can be made

Answer 185

unfamiliar

Question 186

pg348 Having an information-____ system such as a command kit at your fingertips will assist in guiding fire-ground managers in constructing and maintaining an effective command organization. a. organized b. cell phone c. recall

Answer 186

recall

Question 187

pg349 ____ high-rises are designed to contain a fire within the area of origin a. Non combustible c. Ordinary construction b. Fire resistive

Answer 187

Fire resistive

Question 188

pg349 in a blast furnace hallway, wind-driven heat is blown directly at the ___ teams a. ventilation b. stairwell c. attack

Answer 188

attack

Question 189

pg349 The ____ occurs when the doors and windows of the fire apartment are left open or broken out, either by the fire or uncoordinated fire operations, and the prevailing wind is blowing from the windows toward the entry door and down the hallway toward the attack team a. Roll over b. Blast furnace hallway c. Flash over hallway d. Backdraft in hallway

Answer 189

blast furnace hallway

Question 190

pg349 ___ -inch lines be used for commercial high-rises with a ___ nozzle

Answer 190

2-1⁄2 solid bore

Question 191

pg349 ___ -inch lines be used for residential high-rises with a __ nozzle

Answer 191

2in solid bore

Question 192

pg349 If the fire floor or apartment is still untenable, some creative solutions may be in order. These include 1. A___ lines advanced in tandem 2. M _____streams from the exterior if they reach the fire floor 3. lightweight interior d____ sets from the hallway 4. b____ the wall of the apartment next door and apply a large diameter handline into the fire area to cool it down through i____ attack. 5. another alternative is the d___ c___

Answer 192

1. attack lines advanced in tandem 2. master streams from the exterior if they reach the fire floor 3. deluge 4. breach / indirect 5. draft curtain

Question 193

pg349 _____ is made of material similar to a welder’s tarp, it is draped in front of the fire apartment windows from the floors above to cut off the effect of the wind, returning the fire to a vent-controlled fire condition and allowing the attack team to advance a. metal tarp b. draft curtain c. booms

Answer 193

draft curtain.

Question 194

pg349 when using a ___ The prevailing wind blows the tarp against the building, sealing off the window and easing conditions in the hallway.

Answer 194

draft curtain

Question 195

pg350 Extreme heat conditions due to the compart-mentalization characteristics of fire-resistive construction may cause the ____ of concrete in the fire area a. spalling b. breakage c. solidifying

Answer 195

spalling

Question 196

pg350 Concrete is nearly ____ when it is poured.

Answer 196

liquid

Question 197

pg350 As it hardens or cures, much of the moisture evaporates out of it; some of the moisture always remains trapped in the concrete. This moisture expands when heated and causes ___ , or the localized ____ of an area due to this expanding moisture.

Answer 197

spalling / collapse

Question 198

pg350 Caused strictly by direct flame contact at temperatures around _____°F, spalling will result in small pieces or even relatively large chunks of concrete being jettisoned from the structural mass of concrete a. 1,700 b. 2,200 c. 1,200 d. 2,000

Answer 198

2,000

Question 199

pg350 If a fire from below heats a steel roof or floor deck upon which concrete has been poured, it may actually cause the concrete to ___ or ____

Answer 199

collapse or spall upward

Question 200

pg350 _____ keeps the concrete from dropping down toward the heat source a. copper decks b. metal rods c. iron rods d. steel decks

Answer 200

steel deck

Question 201

pg350 The key to the spalling threat is directly related to the amount of ____ present in the concrete. a. thickness b. dry time c. age d. moisture

Answer 201

moisture

Question 202

pg350 Just like wood, the longer the concrete is in place, the less ____ will be present

Answer 202

moisture

Question 203

pg350 Wood that has been in place for long periods of time is drier, and therefore easier to ___

Answer 203

ignite

Question 204

pg350 Concrete that is in place for a long period of time will also have less moisture, but that makes it more resistant to ___

Answer 204

spalling

Question 205

pg351 The high-rise fire is often referred to as the ____ a. 100 year old fire b. 100 man fire c. 50 man fire d. all access granted

Answer 205

100-man fire

Question 206

pg351 In a high rise fire it is important to ___ fire responses a. front load b. setback c. fly out d. step down

Answer 206

front load

Question 207

pg351 In departments that do not have the luxury of additional companies, an automatic ____ should be established for immediate dispatch to bolster on-scene resources with the least amount of delay. a. dispatch b. resource c. aid pack d. RATs

Answer 207

aid pact

Question 208

pg351 Setting up organizational structure to initiate control tactics at a high-rise fire requires about a ___ personnel. a. 1 b. 5 c. 6 d. dozen

Answer 208

dozen

Question 209

pg351 A solid mutual-aid agreement that creates a command task force between several municipalities is a step toward ensuring supervision-created ___ .

Answer 209

safety

Question 210

pg351 ___ is the time that lapses from when you first think you need a resource to the time that it is operating at the scene or at least standing by in staging. a. enroute time b. arrival time c. dispatch time d. reflex time

Answer 210

Reflex time

Question 211

pg351 The more companies needed and the more alarms struck, the further away they are, and the further away they have to travel this is known as the ___ a. reflex time b. the bull’s-eye effect c. reflex effect

Answer 211

(the bull’s-eye effect)

Question 212

pg351 Staggering alarms can find no greater use than in a serious ____ fire a. old law b. new law c. lightweight wood d. high rise

Answer 212

high-rise

Question 213

pg351 ____ high-rise buildings are system-dependent structures a. modern b. old c. millennium

Answer 213

Modern

Question 214

pg351 Critical building systems and what you should know about them a. Communications 1. Where the c___ c____ for the building is l___ 2. If s___ t____ are available 3. Where r___ d___ s___ may be located

Answer 214

1. communications center / located 2. standpipe telephones 3. radio dead spots

Question 215

pg352 Critical building systems and what you should know about them b. Elevators 1. Location of k____ 2. Which e____ serve which areas, including blind s____ and sky l___ 3. Where the e___ c___ room is located

Answer 215

1. keys 2. elevators / shaft /lobbies 3. elevator control

Question 216

pg352 Critical building systems and what you should know about them HVAC systems 1. Where system d____ controls are located 2. How to access the d____ shafts 3. Location of any emergency p__ s___ 4. Extent of HVAC cov____

Answer 216

1. deactivation 2. duct 3. power sources 4. coverage

Question 217

pg352 Critical building systems and what you should know about them d. Auxiliary appliances 1. Location of f___ d__ c___ 2. What each fire department connection s___ 3. How to s___ the sys___ d___ and dr___ it 4. Where the a___ p___ is to ___ alarms after the fire is located

Answer 217

1. fire department connections 2. serves 3. shut the system down and drain it 4. alarm panel / silence

Question 218

pg352 Critical building systems and what you should know about them e. Fire pumps 1. Location of p___ 2. How to o___ pumps 3. How to o___ the system * *

Answer 218

1. pumps 2. operate 3. override

Question 219

pg352 Critical building systems and what you should know about them f. Building maintenance personnel 1. Who the reliable ____ people are 2. B____ availability 3. First-hand know____of building features and systems

Answer 219

1. contact 2. Blueprint 3. knowledge

Question 220

pg352 Critical building systems and what you should know about them. They include 6 items 1. Com_____ 2. Ele___ 3. H____ S___ 4. Aux____ A____ 5. Fir____ P___ 6. Bui___ M____ per_____

Answer 220

1. Communication 2. Elevators 3. hvac systems 4. Auxiliary appliances 5. Fire pumps 6. Building maintenance personnel

Question 221

pg353 ___ familiarization on a regular basis will help reduce unfavorable game-day concerns. a. tools b. fire truck c. fire apparatus c. building

Answer 221

Building

Question 222

pg353 Knowing where the ___ systems are located and how they can be used to your advantage will positively affect the fire situation every time a. water b. building c. fire escape d. elevators

Answer 222

building

Question 223

pg353 ____ are utilized on Class III standpipe systems where occupants may be expected to operate a hoseline. a. Pressure reducers b. Pressure governor c. Pressure relief valves d. Pitot tube

Answer 223

Pressure reducers

Question 224

pg353 Because building occupants are not trained to handle pressurized fire streams,____ are added to the system, usually in the area of the hoseline connection or the operating valve. a. Pressure reducers b. Pressure governor c. Pressure relief valves d. Pitot tube

Answer 224

pressure reducers

Question 225

pg353 Firefighters must be familiar with the various types of pressure reducers that, if not removed or overridden, will prevent the development of a proper ____ on the fire floor.

Answer 225

stream

Question 226

pg353 Some are designed to create additional friction loss, thereby reducing flow; others are intended to limit the control valve operation

Answer 226

pressure reducers

Question 227

pg353 Those designed to limit flow by increased friction loss are usually found attached to the ___ side of the standpipe connection where the hoseline is threaded.

Answer 227

discharge

Question 228

pg353 Pressure reducers, may be a set of overlapping holes that reduces flow, or a special 2-1⁄2-inch adapter with an added bored metal plate inside that reduces the inside diameter to as small as half an inch. These must be ____ before the fire department connects the attack lines

Answer 228

removed

Question 229

pg354 Another type of reducer operates to reduce flow. Called a ____ reducer, it is a pin, simi-lar to a fire extinguisher pin, that does not allow the control wheel to be opened fully, limiting flow a. deluge pressure reducer b. seco pressure reducer c. pitot tube reducer d. flow meter reducer

Answer 229

seco pressure

Question 230

pg354 with a seco pressure reducer firefighters operating the attack line must remove the ___ to acquire maximum flow

Answer 230

pin

Question 231

pg354 I have seen another type where the operation of the control wheel is restricted by a spring-loaded mechanism which operates a throw-like protrusion similar to the locking mechanism on a hose clamp or spring-loaded door latch. It must be ___ (or slid back) by hand, which will retract the throw and allow the wheel to be fully opened.

Answer 231

depressed

Question 232

pg354 To avoid unsafe and inefficient pressures, always probe the inside of the ____to check for obstructions before attaching the fire department attack lines

Answer 232

standpipe

Question 233

pg354 It is also necessary to quickly ___ the standpipe to ensure that there is water available and to flush any debris in the pipe that could clog the hoseline or nozzle.

Answer 233

flow

Question 234

pg354 Another condition, although rare, may occur when a standpipe system similar to a pre-action sprinkler system is used. Water supply to the system is held back by a ____valve. The system requires a fire detection device to initiate a water supply to the standpipe, turning the dry system to a wet system. a. deluge type valve b. ball type valve c. piston over piston valve d. gate type valve

Answer 234

deluge-type valve

Question 235

pg354 If, for some reason, the detection device does not activate, it will be necessary to manually pull a ____ to activate the system

Answer 235

fire alarm

Question 236

pg354 These ____ fires are often out of reach of ground ladders

Answer 236

highrise

Question 237

pg355 Very hot fires that are characteristic of these buildings will usually blow out windows

Answer 237

high rise

Question 238

pg355 Check the wind’s direction and strength from the floor ___ the fire before venting the fire apartment windows.

Answer 238

below

Question 239

pg355 If the wind blows from the___ to ____ , it will be acceptable to conduct a carefully coordinated attack with ventilation opposite the hoseline because the wind will likely stay at the firefighters’ backs.

Answer 239

hallway or stairwell to the window

Question 240

pg355 If the wind blows from the____ to ___ and in ___ , it will likely blow fire right at the firefighters advancing the attack line. In this case, it is wise not to vent until the fire has been con-trolled.

Answer 240

window to the hallway and into the stairwell

Question 241

pg355 It is better to test wind conditions through simulation on a ___ floor than to vent windows blindly and risk injury to advancing attack teams a. upper b. lower c. 2nd d. 1st

Answer 241

lower

Question 242

pg355 Use large-diameter lines with solid bore nozzles for the ___ a

Answer 242

attack

Question 243

pg355 North Hudson, for residential high-rises, our initial attack is launched using ___-inch attack lines with ___ nozzles.

Answer 243

2 in with solid bore

Question 244

pg355 All later-arriving engine companies carry up bundles of ___ -inch hose with solid bore nozzles.

Answer 244

2-1/2

Question 245

pg355 Ventilation, whether caused by the heat of the fire or by firefighters, will cause a ____ hazard around the perimeter of the structure a. water b. flying glass c. flying screen d. wood panel failure

Answer 245

flying glass

Question 246

pg355 ____ is critical to ensure no one is sliced up by falling glass a. water management b. apparatus placement c. personnel placement d. scene control

Answer 246

Scene control

Question 247

pg355 Place ____ over supply lines so that falling glass will shatter into smaller pieces when it hits the metal parts of the ladder a. aerial device b. ny hooks c. ground ladders d. blankets

Answer 247

ground ladders

Question 248

pg355 In interconnected systems, supply the connection as remote from the ___ side of the building as possible a. stair b. window c. water d. fire

Answer 248

fire

Question 249

pg356 As heated gases in a building rise due to ____, they will, in time, lose their buoyancy because of the physics of heat transfer, which seeks to_____

Answer 249

1. convection 2. balance out all matter

Question 250

pg356 Smoke will no longer ____ when the temperature of the smoke balances out with the ambient temperature of the surrounding area. a. rise b. fall c. disappear

Answer 250

rise

Question 251

pg356 smoke will sit or stratify at wherever that point of temperature balance happens to be. This is sometimes called ___ .

Answer 251

cold smoke

Question 252

pg356 Stratifying toxic ___ have caused many deaths on floors above the fire, to both firefighters and occupants

Answer 252

gases

Question 253

pg356 ____ has to be removed mechanically by fans or via close coordination with building engineers using the HVAC system

Answer 253

Cold smoke

Question 254

pg356 When stratification conditions are present, searching firefighters must check all ___and all areas, especially all ____

Answer 254

floors / AREAS / stairwells

Question 255

pg356 The ____ is caused by temperature differentials inside buildings a. stack effect b. cold smoke c. toxic gases

Answer 255

stack effect

Question 256

pg356 As the building’s center is reached, the stack effect tends to gradually subside as an ____ point is reached

Answer 256

equilibrium

Question 257

pg356 The farther you go from the center of the building, (____ not ____), the greater the stack effect

Answer 257

height wise, not widthwise

Question 258

pg356 Normal stack effect allows air to flow ___ as it is heated a. upward b. downward c. lateral

Answer 258

upward

Question 259

pg356 ____ , which is influenced by atmospheric building conditions, can cause air movement, including smoke movement, to travel in directions it wouldn’t normally move. a. stack effect b. reversed stack effect c. cold smoke

Answer 259

Reverse stack effect

Question 260

pg356 summer months when air conditioning systems are running nonstop, the atmosphere inside the building may be much colder than the outside temperature. ___, heavier air on the inside may sink to the lower portions of the building.

Answer 260

Colder

Question 261

pg356 In Reverse stack effect _____ conditions will create the opposite effect. A fire on the upper floors will present no problem in venting because the heat is already moving in that direction. A lower-floor fire will present a different set of operational concerns

Answer 261

Winter

Question 262

pg356-357 Reverse stack effect in winter. ____ venting a lower floor fire in frigid conditions may cause the products of combustion to again be pulled to the stairs and even the elevator shafts instead of out the windows, as the products of combustion rise with the heated air being produced by the building’s heating system and the fire. a. Horizontally b. Vertical c. Mechanical d. Lateral

Answer 262

horizontal ventilation

Question 263

pg356 It is extremely difficult to ventilate utilizing natural methods.

Answer 263

cold smoke

Question 264

pg356 Reversed stack effect will be even more pronounced when the temperature differential between the out-side air and the inside environment is extreme. Reverse stack effect is most detrimental in the extremes of the __ and ___

Answer 264

summer and the winter.

Question 265

pg357 The point to remember about reverse stack effect is to be very cautious in your venting if there is a great disparity in temperature between the building’s ___ and the ____

Answer 265

interior and the outside air

Question 266

pg357 Chief John Norman, in his great PennWell book Fire Officer’s Handbook of Tactics, reinforces the idea that “___.” This refers to the fact that a high-floor fire where outside temperatures are high or a lower-floor fire where outside temperatures are low will likely result in unintended smoke migration due to reverse stack effect. a. high-high or low-low is a no-no b. low-low or high high is a go-go c. high-low or low high is a no-go

Answer 266

high-high or low-low is a no-no

Question 267

pg357 Many high-rises have ____ that allow the residents a scenic view, which is one of the major lures of high-rise living a. waterfronts b. rivers c. balconies

Answer 267

balconies

Question 268

pg357 A _____ railing usually encloses these balconies. a. tubular aluminum or aluminum alloy b. wooden I beams or steel I beams c. Concrete blocks or veneer walls

Answer 268

tubular aluminum or aluminum alloy

Question 269

pg357 Aluminum melts at approximately ___°F. a. 1,200 b. 1,700 c. 2,000 d. 1,500

Answer 269

1,200

Question 270

pg357 ___ will melt at a slightly higher temperature, but being unprotected metal, they will still be susceptible to heat-induced weakening a. concrete b. break c. streel d. alloy

Answer 270

Alloys

Question 271

pg357 A firefighter leaning against the balcony railing to attempt an outside vent can cause a ___ of the railing

Answer 271

collapse

Question 272

pg357 These railings are often set in ___ . A fire from below can cause ___ of the bottom of the balcony above, further weakening the bond between the railing and the balcony

Answer 272

concrete / spalling

Question 273

pg357 Firefighters performing overhaul of a fire apartment sometimes seek fresh air on the ____ when taking a breather. Do not, under any circumstances, lean against, put pressure on, or rely on the ___ for any reason.

Answer 273

balcony / railing

Question 274

pg358 The fires most likely to occur in an under-ground parking garage are ____ a, vehicle b. brush c. rubbish d. a and c

Answer 274

vehicle or rubbish fires.

Question 275

pg358 If the garage is on a slope or a gradual incline from the lowest floor to the entrance of the garage or vice-versa, the fire will, much like a wildfire on sloping terrain, follow the path of least resistance and spread to adjacent vehicles on the ____ side. a. uphill b. upwind c. downhill d. downwind

Answer 275

uphill

Question 276

pg358 ____ will greatly affect a fire in these areas a. dispatch time b. enroute time c. arrival time d. reflex time

Answer 276

Reflex time

Question 277

pg358 Most enclosed garages have extremely ___ ( high or low) clearance

Answer 277

low

Question 278

pg358 Unless the fire is in close proximity to the garage entrance, the best way to attack is via ____ stairs to the garage from building interior or by standpipe a. access b. enclosed c. open

Answer 278

access

Question 279

pg358 If the apparatus just barely makes it into the garage, when the booster tank is empty and several tons of weight are lifted off the apparatus springs, the apparatus may not make it ___

Answer 279

back out.

Question 280

pg358 The greatest protection against the spread of fire in these areas ( GARAGE) will be an ____ system. Although it will probably be successful in holding the fire in check and possibly preventing a major extension concern, there will be a significant ____ smoke concern, thus decreasing visibility. Smoke, whether hot or cold, will be extremely difficult to ventilate in these parts of the building.

Answer 280

automatic wet sprinkler / cold

Question 281

pg358 If a standpipe is present in the area, operating in these structures will be like operating in an upside-down high-rise. The fire should be attacked via an ___ stairwell from the floor below the fire just as in a high-rise. a. open stairwell b. access stairwell c. enclosed stairwell

Answer 281

enclosed

Question 282

pg358 ____ management is of the utmost importance.

Answer 282

Hoseline

Question 283

pg358 Care must be taken to ensure that hose does not get caught and kinked under the ___ of a vehicle

Answer 283

wheels

Question 284

pg358 If the fire is deep within the garage, be pre-pared for ____ that may be hot, dense, and black, and have nowhere to go

Answer 284

smoke

Question 285

pg358 Visibility in the area of the fire could be ___.

Answer 285

zero

Question 286

pg358 Just as in a fire in the building proper, the ____system should be shut down to prevent the products of combustion from spreading to other levels of the garage and to the occupied areas of the building. a. HVAC b. Sprinkler c. FDC d. Garage Exhaust fans

Answer 286

HVAC

Question 287

pg358 Use a ___to locate the fire. After the fire is located, an ___line should be stretched to confine and extinguish it

Answer 287

lifeline / attack

Question 288

pg358 Garage Fires Ventilation is another concern. In some newer structures, the ___system may service the garage area

Answer 288

HVAC

Question 289

pg358 Be cognizant of the location of any service entrances to the garage. Taking advantage of these structural openings will significantly reduce the ___ and ___ concern, as well as the amount of ___-stretched

Answer 289

access and ventilation / hose

Question 290

pg358-359 Another asset, if present, are ___that are set in an exterior wall and used to vent the garage area. A ___ sensor often activates these fans when car exhaust levels reach a specified point. Smoke from a car fire will quickly activate these fans, aiding in not only the ventilation operation, but also in locating the main body of fire upon approach

Answer 290

wall fans / carbon monoxide

Question 291

pg359 Garage fire The Wall fans ___to the fire will push the most smoke to the exterior

Answer 291

closest

Question 292

pg359 Garage fire If there is no ventilation system, you may have to utilize some creative smoke removal tactics. One method may be to use one stairway as ___ while the other is used as ___.

Answer 292

attack / ventilation

Question 293

pg359 Garage fire If there is no ventilation system, you may have to utilize some creative smoke removal tactics. One method may be to use one stairway as attack while the other is used as ventilation. This will work only if the ventilation stairwell can be ____ air

Answer 293

exhausted to the outside

Question 294

pg359 Garage fire In most of these high-rises, the garage stairwells lead to the lobby or continue up into the occupied areas of the building and should not be used for ____operations. a. recon b. water supply c. ventilation d. monitoring

Answer 294

ventilation

Question 295

pg360 Garage fire If the stairs do lead to the exterior, a ____ can be placed at the opening to be used as a fan relay and exhaust the products of combustion more quickly. a. smooth bore nozzle b. second fan c. gas monitor d. gas clamp

Answer 295

second fan

Question 296

pg360 Garage fire If building orientation allows, utilizing a ____ from the attack stairwell behind the attack team may help keep smoke out of the building a. negative pressure fan b. positive pressure fan c. mechanical ventilation

Answer 296

positive pressure fan

Question 297

pg360 Garage fire While electric powered fans are fine for this, keep the gas-powered positive pressure ventilation (PPV) fans ___

Answer 297

outside

Question 298

pg360 Garage fire A fire in an enclosed garage of a high-rise will require the same c__ and con___ demands of a fire on the upper floors

Answer 298

command and control

Question 299

pg360 Garage fire ___ will assist Command in running a safe operation a. Decentralization b. Progress reports c. Speed d. a and b

Answer 299

Decentralization and progress reports

Question 300

pg360 Firefighters engaged in search operations should be aware of the location of 1. e____ closets 2. e ____ s____ 3. service and storage areas that could contain h____ processes.

Answer 300

1. electrical closets 2. elevator shafts 3. service and storage areas that could contain hazardous processes.

Question 301

pg360 Be aware that most doorways that open into the hallway toward the firefighter lead to trouble. These include 1. cl___ 2. h__ v___ utility areas 3. e___shafts, and other entrapments

Answer 301

1. closets 2. high voltage 3. elevator

Question 302

pg360 It is crucial when searching an area suspected of containing an electrical hazard to search with the ___ or a closed fist

Answer 302

back of the hand

Question 303

pg360 The hand’s natural reflex is to ___

Answer 303

grab

Question 304

pg360 Using the back of the hand or a closed fist will prevent the ___reflex from latching onto an undesirable object

Answer 304

grabbing

Question 305

pg360 Doors that open inward, away from the hall-way and the firefighter, usually lead to ____ in residential high-rises and ____ in commercial high-rises.

Answer 305

apartments / offices

Question 306

pg360 It is interesting to note that these inward-opening doors in commercial buildings may also lead into ___ , which is directly opposite of a residential dwelling that almost always employ outward-opening doors for ___ change.

Answer 306

stairwells / grade

Question 307

pg361 Panel walls are ___ story in height

Answer 307

1

Question 308

pg361 curtain walls are ___ stories or more

Answer 308

2

Question 309

pg361 These non-load-bearing walls are used to provide an enclosure in fire-resistive, steel skeleton buildings a. panel walls b. curtain walls c. veneer walls d. a and b

Answer 309

d

Question 310

pg361 True or false panel walls and Curtain walls support no weight other than their own.

Answer 310

true

Question 311

pg361 ____and ___ often made of glass and a light gauge metal such as aluminum or a lightweight masonry, the installation of these walls may create a vertical path for fire travel from floor to floor via the structural voids between the structural framework of the building and the curtain wall itself

Answer 311

Panel walls and Curtain walls

Question 312

pg361 A fire originating in the vicinity of, spreading to, or exposing the exterior walls should prompt Command to order a thorough ____ inside curtain and panel walls a. fire extension investigation b. overhaul operation c. salvage operation

Answer 312

fire extension investigation

Question 313

pg361 Panel and curtain walls are attached to the building’s skeleton via ___ connectors, which must be protected a. concrete b. aluminum c. steel d. wood

Answer 313

steel

Question 314

pg361 ___, ___ and ___due to inaccessibility may weaken the integrity of the protective material, making these walls vulnerable to collapse

Answer 314

Time, elements, and lack of maintenance

Question 315

pg36 One of the most dangerous incidents the fire service will face in a fire-resistive high-rise will be in a building that is under ___

Answer 315

construction

Question 316

pg362 The building will be least stable in terms of structural integrity, most vulnerable in regard to fire ignition and spread, and the most inundated with hazards in and around the building.

Answer 316

high rise under construction

Question 317

pg362 Fire-resistive buildings are constructed of rein-forced ____ a. steel b. concrete b. veneer d. aluminum

Answer 317

concrete

Question 318

pg362 This construction is either pre-cast and shipped to the site in completed sections, or cast-in-place where the structural concrete is actually poured on the site a. Fire resistant buildings b. Ordinary construction buildings c. Heavy Timber Buildings d. Limited combustible buildings

Answer 318

Fire resistant buildings

Question 319

pg362 ___alone has great compressive strength a. Steel b. Wool c. Wood d. Metal

Answer 319

Concrete

Question 320

pg362 with concrete forces pressing against each other cause ___

Answer 320

compression

Question 321

pg362 ____ has very little tensile strength, the force that acts to pull things apart

Answer 321

Concrete

Question 322

pg362 What gives the concrete tensile strength is the presence of ___ a. steel rods b. aluminum rods c. brick walls d. wood members

Answer 322

steel rods

Question 323

pg362 ___ is very strong in tensile strength.

Answer 323

Steel

Question 324

pg362 The rods are inserted in strategic places in the uncured concrete, which, when dried, will provide the required tensile strength via___ or ___of the rods

Answer 324

pre-tensioning or post-tensioning

Question 325

pg362 ___ is a very elastic material with practically no shape or strength a. dry concrete b. dry mud c. wet concrete dry concrete

Answer 325

Wet concrete

Question 326

pg362 To ensure that the concrete takes the proper shape desired, wood framing called ___is erected to hold the wet concrete. a. woodwork b. formwork c. metal framing

Answer 326

formwork

Question 327

pg362 ____ consists of 2-by-2-inch and 4-by-4-inch bracing members as well as plywood and other wood scraps

Answer 327

formwork

Question 328

pg362 A fire attacking this formwork will cause it to ___ and drop the concrete load it is supporting onto areas below.

Answer 328

fail

Question 329

pg362 the use of particleboard to support floors and laminated wooden I-beams as ___ protection. These will burn hotter and faster, decreasing collapse time a. spillover b. mixed protection c. sturdy protection d. fire resistive protection

Answer 329

spillover

Question 330

pg363 Sometimes, instead of the 4-by-4-inch posts, the formwork will be held up by ____ a. particle board b. steel screw jacks c. metal rods d. cement board

Answer 330

steel screw jacks

Question 331

pg363 It takes concrete approximately ___ days to reach a stage of structural integrity where it is no longer a threat to collapse a. 10 b. 30 c. 28 d. 32

Answer 331

28

Question 332

pg364 As floors cure, piles of formwork, bracing, and other combustible material are moved ____ (downward or upward) in the building

Answer 332

upward

Question 333

pg364 If you observe any bracing and/or additional loads in the form of piled combustibles or get a report that it is present, the threat of a ___ of this and the floors above (and below) is a real possibility

Answer 333

collapse

Question 334

pg364 If heavy fire is present in or near these wood-bracing members, reevaluate what your companies are doing in the area. ___ operations outside established collapse zones might be the only safe strategy available a. offensive b. transitional c. defensive

Answer 334

Defensive

Question 335

pg364 Another concern relates to standpipe installation that does not keep up with the rest of the building. The valves on the individual floors may be ____, be not yet equipped with ____, may have improper ___ , or be ___altogether.

Answer 335

1. open 2. threads 3. threads 4. missing

Question 336

pg364 Construction materials and debris may also block the ____ a. hydrants b. standpipes c. fire department connection

Answer 336

fire department connection

Question 337

pg364 In addition to the building construction debris and material on the site, there will also be more ___ and ___ around. These may cause a fire to ignite, or it may intensify one that is already in progress

Answer 337

flammable liquids and gases

Question 338

pg365 Daily ___ visits by in-service companies will help ensure that firefighting operations are not hindered by issues we can control through regular presence and enforcement a. recall b. surveys c. inspections

Answer 338

inspection

Question 339

pg365 This will serve two purposes. It will familiarize the members with the building from the ground floor up. It will also allow the department to correct any violations or operations on the spot a. recall b. surveys c. inspections

Answer 339

inspections

Question 340

pg366 The life safety concerns at a high-rise fire are directly proportional to the amount of ____ the occupants have received, which is a direct responsibility of the fire department a. pre-fire education b. pre-fire inspection c. building surveys d. academic degrees

Answer 340

prefire education

Question 341

pg366 It must be impressed upon occupants that the safety features built into the building are there for just that: fire safety. A solid, aggressive, and pro-active ___ and ___ program is the best defense against this issue

Answer 341

fire prevention and community awareness

Question 342

pg366 Another issue that has arisen since 9/11 is the fact that people living in high-rises think that when there is a fire, the building will ___

Answer 342

collapse

Question 343

pg366 The reason the World Trade Center collapsed was because the impact of the jets ripped the ___ off the structural assembly, virtually turning a fire-resistive building into a non-combustible building

Answer 343

fire-resistive coating

Question 344

pg366 Fire exposure as a result of both___ and the ____ in the building caused the failure of the steel trusses and a pancake collapse of both structures.

Answer 344

jet fuel/ combustibles

Question 345

pg366 The effective control of ___ will either make the incident a manageable operation or a nightmare for Command

Answer 345

occupants

Question 346

pg366 The incident commander has two options regarding the occupants of the building: ___ or ____

Answer 346

evacuation or protection-in-place

Question 347

pg366 Unless something really out of the ordinary is occurring, ___ is the preferred method of occupant control a. evacuation b. protection in place c. do nothing

Answer 347

protection-in-place

Question 348

pg367 If the occupants have left the door to the fire apartment open, the ___ is likely to be untenable. a. roof b. hallway c. window

Answer 348

hallway

Question 349

pg367 If conditions on the fire floor are severe and the occupants are still in, ___ them in.

Answer 349

leave

Question 350

pg367 “if they are still in, leave them in” philosophy applies to ___, but not necessarily to commercial or office high-rises. Because of the ____ area in commercial high-rises, it is usually best to evacuate the fire floor unless the fire is extremely minor and has not yet activated the sprinkler system.

Answer 350

residential high-rises / open floor

Question 351

pg367 Evacuation of other floors will be determined by ___ a. water availability b. location and extent c. type of materials d. condition

Answer 351

conditions

Question 352

pg367 If occupants are evacuated, Command must also have a plan as to where to ___ them

Answer 352

send

Question 353

pg367 Protection-in-place must also be planned for in ___.

Answer 353

advance

Question 354

pg367 The SAE division must be constantly aware of ___ because additional areas may have to be considered for evacuation if things start to go badly a. conditions b. occupants c. egress d. roof access

Answer 354

conditions

Question 355

pg367 It may also be feasible to relocate some occupants to safer, less-exposed areas than to take them down the stairs past the floors of fire operations. This is called ___ a. evacuation b. vertical evacuation c. horizontal evacuation

Answer 355

horizontal evacuation.

Question 356

pg367 The simple act of moving occupants to ____ (less or more) exposed areas on the same floor, usually on the safe side of magnetic elevator fire doors at the other end of the building, will suffice to keep them safe.

Answer 356

less

Question 357

pg367 Technology and new equipment may introduce additional issues regarding ____

Answer 357

evacuations

Question 358

pg367 Many fire officers now carry portable ___ meters on their turnout coats.

Answer 358

carbon monoxide (CO)

Question 359

pg367 If, on an upper floor, meters show high CO readings, action must be taken in regard to life safety. It may be as simple as instructing people to wait on their ___,

Answer 359

balconies

Question 360

pg367 Don’t ignore high ___ readings in stairwells and above the fire.

Answer 360

CO

Question 361

pg367 ___ coordination is a critical item in the control inventory a. roof b. vent c. stairwell

Answer 361

Stairwell

Question 362

pg367 All stairwells designated as crucial to the operation must be ___ and made known to all fire ___.

Answer 362

identified / personnel

Question 363

pg367 The stairwell being used for the fire attack is out as an ___ artery because smoke and heat will vent up the stairs after the hallway door is opened and the attack begun a. vent b. attack c. evacuation

Answer 363

evacuation

Question 364

pg367 If there are occupants already using this stair, the attack will have to be ___ until they are out of danger or rerouted to a safer stairwell. The stair with the standpipe connection will usually be the ___ stairwell unless the fire is on a lower floor and the attack lines can be stretched from the apparatus on the street. The ___ stairwell should be as remote from the fire area as possible

Answer 364

delayed / attack / evacuation

Question 365

pg368 Experience shows that at most high-rise fires, the attack stairwell is also the ____ stair-well.

Answer 365

ventilation

Question 365

pg367 What was once a blanket “leave them in place” philosophy, might need to be altered to address ___ concerns

Answer 365

CO

Question 366

pg368 many modern high-rises have ___ doors that isolate different areas of the floors with the elevator bank in the center. The doors are held open by a ___.

Answer 366

automatic smoke / magnet

Question 367

pg368 When alarms activate, the magnets release and the doors close, sealing the ____ and separating the floor areas a. elevator bank b. water bank c. standpipes in stairwell d. FDC's for fire use

Answer 367

elevator bank

Question 368

pg368 It is best to let the smoke doors function as designed and use the attack stairwell as the ___ stairwell.

Answer 368

vent

Question 369

pg368 If apartment evacuation is under way (and uncontrolled attack stairwell evacuation as well), then the door to the fire apartment must remain closed until the hall-way and the stairwell are clear, and, most importantly, a ___ is in place ready to attack

Answer 369

charged line

Question 370

pg368 Uncoordinated ___ are always a mistake.

Answer 370

operations

Question 371

pg368 Station a radio-equipped ladder company firefighter with the attack team to ensure the door is not opened until the stairs are ___ and the roof team is in a confirmed ___.

Answer 371

clear / safe area

Question 372

pg368 For those overzealous engine companies, it might be best to put the biggest, toughest ladder firefighter at this position to discourage ___ actions.

Answer 372

unsafe

Question 373

pg368 One other issue that tends to be problematic is finding the ___ . In a hallway with a floor-to-ceiling smoke condition in it, it may not be so easy to locate the burning apartment

Answer 373

fire

Question 374

pg368 Use the ___ to assist in locating the fire apartment

Answer 374

TIC

Question 375

pg368 If the building is sprinklered, one possible cue is to look for ___ off a balcony from the exterior. Another cue is water coming from under a doorway on the interior

Answer 375

water flowing

Question 376

pg369 Although the fire is not likely to extend out of the apartment of origin, these buildings offer concerns of a more complex nature because of the inherent firefighting concerns

Answer 376

high rise

Question 377

pg369 CRAVE - Command 1. Forecast and provide for an expanded I___ M___ S___ 2. Establish operational Con__ P___ as soon as possible using chief officers. 3. Establish effective Com____ as soon as possible; keep channels open at all times. 4. Be prepared for communication problems and have A____ plans in place. 5. Demand timely R____ from all control points in the operational area. 6. Control B___ S____ 7. Provide adequate Per____ to outlast the fire. 8. Ensure sufficient S___ reserves are available in a timely manner. 9. Be prepared to supply more than one R ____team. 10. Ensure an adequate TAC___ RE___ is in place.

Answer 377

1. incident management system. 2. control points 3. communication 4. alternative 5. reports 6. building systems. 7. personnel 8. SCBA 9.RIC 10. tactical reserve

Question 378

pg369 CRAVE - Rescue 1. R___ all areas of operation. 2. Determine E____ stair. 3. Provide P__ and S___ search on all floors. 4. Keep the stairwells clear of O___. 5. Decide on e___ versus P___ in P___

Answer 378

1. Recon 2. evacuation 3. primary and secondary 4. occupants 5. evacuation / protection-in-place.

Question 379

pg369 CRAVE - Attack 1. Ensure a primary and secondary W____ supply is established. 2. Ensure Au___ systems are supplied. 3. Determine the attack stair; attack from the ___ on the floor below the fire. 4. Designate a ____ control person. 5. Provide at least ___ companies for each line being stretched. 6. Stretch lines to the ___ floor and ____ 7. Coordinate attack with S_____ activities.

Answer 379

1. water 2. auxiliary 3. standpipe 4. standpipe 5. two 6. fire floor and floor above. 7. support

Question 380

pg369 CRAVE - Ventilation 1. Determine V____ stair, if applicable. 2. Seek out opportunities for effective ventilation depending on the following: *** a. ___ and ____ of fire *** b. W___ , Vel___ and D____ *** c. Building and fire floor L___ 3. Be aware of consequences of indiscriminate ____operations. 4. Coordinate with A____ operations

Answer 380

1. ventilation 2a Location and extent 2b Wind velocity and direction 2c layout 3. ventilation 4. attack

Question 381

pg369 CRAVE - Extension prevention 1. Ensure ____ system is shut down. 2. Reconnoiter all areas for V___ and H___ fire travel. 3. Be prepared to fight fire in r___ areas from the main fire.

Answer 381

1. HVAC 2. vertical / horizontal 3. remote

Question 382

pg370 Remember that fast action is not as critical as ___ action.

Answer 382

safe