Chapter 9: Homeostasis Flashcards
(26 cards)
endotherm
temp is regulated by internal metabolic processes
ectotherm
regulated by the environment
thermoregulation
the active process of maintaining a constnat internal temperature through behavioral and physiological adjustments
set point
the point of reference in a feedback system
set zone
the optimal range of a variable that a feedback system tries to maintain
allostasis
the combined set of behavior and physiological adjustments that an individual makes in response to current and predicted behavioral and environmental stressor
intracellular compartment
the fluid space of the body that is contained within cells
extracellular compartment
the fluid space of the body that exists outside the cells
hypovolemic thirst
a desire to ingest fluids that is stimulated by a reduction in volume of the extracellular fluid
osmotic thirst
a desire to ingest fluids that is stimulated by high concentration of solute in the extracellular compartment
baroreceptor
a pressure receptor in the heart or a major artery that detects a change in blood pressure
glucose
an important sugar molecule used by the body and brain for energy
glycogen
a complex carbohydrate made by combining of glucose molecules for a short-term store of energy
basal metabolism
the consumption of energy to fuel processes such as heat production, maintenance of membrane potentials, and all the other basic life-sustaining functions of the body
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
a hypothalamic region involved in eating and sexual behaviors; satiety center
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
a hypothalamic region involved in the control of appetite and other functions; makes you hungry
arcuate nucleus
an arc-shaped hypothalamic nucleus implicated in appetite control
leptin
a peptide hormone released by fat cells ; the brain senses circulating leptin levels to monitor the body’s longer-term energy reserved in the form of fat
ghrelin
a peptide hormone produced and released by the gut; REAChes high concentrations during fasting and powerfully stimulates appetite
PYY
a peptide hormone, secreted by the intestines, that probably acts on hypothalamic appetite control mechanisms to suppress appetite
orexin aka hypocretin
a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus that is involved in swetiching between sleep states
nucleus of the solitary tract (NST)
a complicated brainstem nucleus hat receives visceral and taste info via several cranial nerves
CCK
a peptide hormone that is released by the gut after ingestion of food that is high in protein or fat
endocabbinoid
an endogenous ligand of cannbinoid receptors , thus ia marijuana analog that is produced by the brain
