Chapter 9: Homeostasis

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

the maintenance of a steady state within an organism by means of physiological or behavior feedback control mechanisms

Question 2

osmosis

Answer 2

process of movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane (such as that of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane

Question 3

osmotic thirst

Answer 3

motivation of drink water caused by an increase in salt in the intracellular space that causes water to move out of cells; cells then begin to shrink

Question 4

hypovolemic thirst

Answer 4

thirst induced by lack of water in the body, often due to loosing fluids such as blood and sweat

Question 5

nephrons

Answer 5

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Question 6

loop of Henle

Answer 6

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Question 7

ascending limb

Answer 7

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Question 8

aldosterone

Answer 8

a mineralocorticoid that causes the kidneys to retain sodium

Question 9

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ vasopressin

Answer 9

a peptide hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland that increases blood pressure during blood loss

Question 10

paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

Answer 10

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Question 11

supraoptic nucelus

Answer 11

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Question 12

osmoreceptors

Answer 12

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Question 13

baroreceptors / stretch receptors

Answer 13

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Question 14

organum vasculosum of the limina terminalis (OVLT)

Answer 14

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Question 15

angiotensin II

Answer 15

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Question 16

renin

Answer 16

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Question 17

glucose

Answer 17

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Question 18

ketone bodies

Answer 18

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Question 19

insulin

Answer 19

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Question 20

glycogen

Answer 20

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Question 21

gluconeogenesis

Answer 21

the production of glucose from amino acids, a process that occurs in the liver in response to mild fasting

Question 22

cephalic phase of insulin release

Answer 22

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Question 23

digestive phase of insulin release

Answer 23

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Question 24

Type I diabetes

Answer 24

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Question 25

Type II diabetes

Answer 25

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Question 26

Gestational diabetes

Answer 26

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Question 27

diabetes mellitus

Answer 27

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Question 28

diabetes insipidous

Answer 28

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Question 29

glucagon

Answer 29

a protein hormone that is secreted by the alpha-cells of the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels

Question 30

MSH

Answer 30

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Question 31

CART

Answer 31

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Question 32

AgRP

Answer 32

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Question 33

orexigenic hormones (definition)

Answer 33

hormones that stimulate food intake

Question 34

orexigenic hormones (types)

Answer 34

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Question 35

anorexigenic hormones (definition)

Answer 35

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Question 36

anorexigenic hormones (types)

Answer 36

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Question 37

metabolic syndrome

Answer 37

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Question 38

HDL

Answer 38

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Question 39

LDL

Answer 39

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Question 40

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Answer 40

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Question 41

androgens

Answer 41

the primary steroidal product secreted from the testes

Question 42

grehlin

Answer 42

a peptide hormone produced by stomach cells; it is thought to increase feelings of hunger

Question 43

orexin

Answer 43

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Question 44

endorphins

Answer 44

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Question 45

progesterone

Answer 45

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Question 46

CCK (cholecystokinin)

Answer 46

a hormone released by the lining of the small intestine that may be involved of the satiation of food intake

Question 47

CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)

Answer 47

a peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of ACTH (corticotropin) by the anterior pituitary gland

Question 48

GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone)

Answer 48

also called somatocrinin. A polypeptide hormone that is released from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that provokes the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 49

estradiol

Answer 49

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Question 50

leptin

Answer 50

a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that may communicate information to the brain about body fat content

Question 51

asprosin

Answer 51

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Question 52

neonatal progeroid syndrome

Answer 52

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Question 53

H. pylori

Answer 53

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Question 54

gut microbiome

Answer 54

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Question 55

subtheraputic antibiotic treatment (STAT)

Answer 55

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Question 56

fecal transplantation

Answer 56

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Question 57

glycogenolysis

Answer 57

the breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver or muscles to provide a steady supply of glucose for energy