Chapter 9 - Immunology: Immune System

Question 1

adenoid/o

Answer 1

adenoids

Question 2

immun/o

Answer 2

protection

Question 3

lymph/o

Answer 3

lymph

Question 4

lymphaden/o

Answer 4

lymph node

Question 5

lymphangi/o

Answer 5

lymph vessel

Question 6

path/o

Answer 6

disease

Question 7

phag/o

Answer 7

eating

Question 8

splen/o

Answer 8

spleen

Question 9

thym/o

Answer 9

thymus

Question 10

tonsill/o

Answer 10

tonsils

Question 11

cortic/o

Answer 11

cortex

Question 12

cyt/o

Answer 12

cell

Question 13

system/o

Answer 13

system

Question 14

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

Answer 14

Early stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in which mild symptoms of infection are present, including lymphadenopathy, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea

Question 15

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 15

Later stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection when the cells of the immue system lose their ability to fight off infection; patients become unable to resist opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi sarcoma

Question 16

allergist

Answer 16

Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of allergies

Question 17

allergy

Answer 17

Hypersensitivity to a common substance in environment (such as pollen), to food, or to medication

Question 18

anaphylactic shock

Answer 18

Life-threatening condition resulting from severe allergic reaction causing cardiovascular and respiratory problems; may be triggered by bee stings, medications, or certain foods; also called anaphylaxis

Question 19

antihistamine

Answer 19

Medication that blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reactions

Question 20

antinuclear antibody titer (ANA)

Answer 20

Blood test that determines number of antibodies against cell nuclei present in bloodstream; elevated in autoimmune conditions

Question 21

autoimmune disease

Answer 21

Disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens; examples include systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis

Question 22

corticosteroids

Answer 22

Hormones produced by adrenal cortex; used as medication to treat autoimmune diseases due to their very strong anti-inflammatory peroperties

Question 23

cytotoxic cells

Answer 23

Cells capable of physically attacking and killing pathogens or diseased cells

Question 24

elephantiasis

Answer 24

Results from blockage of lymphatic vessels that causes extreme tissue edema

Question 25

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Answer 25

Blood test for antibody to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus; positive results means the person has been exposed to virus

Question 26

hives

Answer 26

Common name for appearance of wheals during allergic reaction

Question 27

Hodgkin disease (HD)

Answer 27

Cancer of lymphatic cells found in lymph nodes; also called Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 28

immunodeficiency

Answer 28

Having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens; also called immunocompromised

Question 29

immunosuppressant

Answer 29

Medication to block certain actions of immune system; used to prevent rejection of transplanted organ

Question 30

inflammation

Answer 30

Tissue response to injury; characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch

Question 31

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

Answer 31

Type of skin cancer often seen in patients with AIDS; consists of brownish-purple papules that begin in skin and spread to internal organs

Question 32

mononucleosis (mono)

Answer 32

Acute viral infection of lymphoid tissue with large number of abnormal white blood cells circulating in bloodstream

Question 33

non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

Answer 33

Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 34

opportunistic infections

Answer 34

Infections seen in patients with compromised immune systems

Question 35

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Answer 35

Opportunistic infection common in immunodeficient persons; caused by fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 36

sarcoidosis

Answer 36

Autoimmune disease with fibrous lesions forming in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet

Question 37

scratch test

Answer 37

Type of allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through a light scratch in skin

Question 38

severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)

Answer 38

Genetic condition of children born with nonfunctioning immune system who often forced to live in sealed sterile rooms

Question 39

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 39

Autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks connective tissue throughout body such as in joints and skin

Question 40

urticaria

Answer 40

Severe itching associated with hives, usually seen in allergic reactions to food, stress, or medications

Question 41

vaccination

Answer 41

Exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response and antibody production to give future protection against full-blown disease; also called immunization

Question 42

Western blot test

Answer 42

Blood test to detect various antibodies in bloodstream such as HIV antibodies; cloistered more precise than ELISA