Chapter 9 - Intelligence and IQ testing

Question 1

Who was Edwin Boring?

Answer 1

Psychologist that described intelligence as whatever intelligence tests measure

Question 2

Who was Sir Francis Galton?

Answer 2

Cousin to Charles Darwin, proposed the radical hypothesis that Intelligence is the by-product of sensory capacity

Question 3

Who was James Mckeen Cattell?

Answer 3

He worked under Galton, and imported their work to the U.S, where he ran tests on thousand of American college/university students

Question 4

Who were Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon?

Answer 4

Two individuals tapped by the minister of public instruction in Paris (1904), developed what many psychologists refer to today as the first intelligence test

Question 5

What is an Intelligence test?

Answer 5

Diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability

Question 6

What are higher mental processes?

Answer 6

Processes that include reasoning, understanding and judgement

Question 7

What is abstract thinking?

Answer 7

Capacity to understand hypothetical concepts

Question 8

Who was Charles Spearman?

Answer 8

Psychologist that proposed the existence of general intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s)

Question 9

What is G or general intelligence?

Answer 9

Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people

Question 10

What is S or specific abilities?

Answer 10

Particular ability level in a narrow domain

Question 11

Who were Raymond Cattell and John Horn?

Answer 11

Distinguished fluid from crystallized intelligence

Question 12

What is fluid intelligence?

Answer 12

Capacity to learn new ways of solve problems

Question 13

What is crystallized intelligence?

Answer 13

Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time

Question 14

Who was Howard Gardner?

Answer 14

Created the theory of multiple intelligence

Question 15

What are multiple intelligences?

Answer 15

The idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill

Question 16

Who was Robert Sternberg?

Answer 16

Created the triarchic model

Question 17

What is the triarchic model?

Answer 17

The model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligence: Analytical, Practical and Creative

Question 18

What is Analytical intelligence?

Answer 18

“Book smarts,” the ability to reason logically, is a kind of intelligence we need to do well on tests.

Question 19

What is practical intelligence?

Answer 19

“street smarts,” the ability to solve real-world problems, kind of intelligence we need to solve day to day problems

Question 20

What is creative intelligence?

Answer 20

Creative thinking, ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions.

Question 21

What is metacognition?

Answer 21

Knowledge of our own knowledge

Question 22

Who was Lewis Terman?

Answer 22

Created the Stanford-Binet Intelligence test, a modified version of Binet and Simon’s IQ test.

Question 23

Who is Wilheim Stern?

Answer 23

German Psychologist developed the formula for the IQ shortly after WW I

Question 24

What is the formula for IQ?

Answer 24

Divide mental age by chronological age x 100

Question 25

What is intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

Answer 25

Systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence

Question 26

What is a mental age?

Answer 26

Age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test

Question 27

What is Deviation IQ?

Answer 27

Expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same aged peers

Question 28

Who is Henry Goddard?

Answer 28

Translated Binet and Simon tests into English in 1908,

Question 29

What is Eugenics?

Answer 29

Movement in the early 20th century to improve a population’s genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing, and both.

Question 30

Who is David Wechsler?

Answer 30

Psychologist developed the WAIS

Question 31

What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

Answer 31

Most widely used intelligence test for adults today, consisting of 15 subtests to assess different types of mental abilities

Question 32

What is a Culture-Fair IQ Test?

Answer 32

Abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests

Question 33

What is a bell curve?

Answer 33

Distribution of scores in which the bulk of the scores falls towards the middle, with progressively fewer scores toward the “tails” or extremes

Question 34

What is an intellectual disability?

Answer 34

A condition characterized by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below about 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily functioning

Question 35

What is the Flynn effect?

Answer 35

Finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately 3 points per decade

Question 36

What is with-in-group heritability?

Answer 36

The extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced

Question 37

What is between-group heritability?

Answer 37

The extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced

Question 38

What is test bias?

Answer 38

Tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group than another

Question 39

What is stereotype threat?

Answer 39

Fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype

Question 40

What is divergent thinking?

Answer 40

Capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem

Question 41

What is convergent thinking?

Answer 41

Capacity to generate the single best solution to a problem

Question 42

What is emotional intelligence?

Answer 42

Ability to understand our own emotions and those of others and to apply this information to our daily lives

Question 43

What is wisdom?

Answer 43

Application of intelligence towards a common goal

Question 44

What is the ideological immune system?

Answer 44

Our psychological defences against evidence that contradicts our views