Chapter 9 Kinesiology (page 26)

Question 1

Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is acted upon by an outside force. This statement is _______________.

Answer 1

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Question 2

____________ is the study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement.

Answer 2

Kinesiology

Question 3

______________: Acceleration of a body is proportional to the force causing it.

Answer 3

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Question 4

This refers to any device that is used to accomplish work by applying force in some way to gain mechanical advantage.

Answer 4

Machines

Question 5

________________ states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Answer 5

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Question 6

This is the study and analysis of mechanical kinesiology or human performance through the principles of mechanics.

Answer 6

Biomechanics

Question 7

Structural Kinesiology is understanding one’s ability to _________________.

Answer 7

Move anatomically

Question 8

Give 5 examples of Simple Machines

Answer 8

• *1. Pulley
  2. Wheel and axle
  3. Lever
  4. Inclined plane
  5. Screw**

Question 9

Lever is rigid bar which revolves about a fixed point, the ________.

Answer 9

Fulcrum

Question 10

________ is a simple machine used to change the direction of the pulling force by means of a band, belt, etc.

Answer 10

Pulley

Question 11

The ratio of the force which performs useful work of a machine to the force which is applied to the machine. This explains the concept of _______________.

Answer 11

Mechanical Advantage

Question 12

Mechanical Advantage is represented by the ratio of the ________________ to the ________________. (MA = FA/RA)

Answer 12

Length of the power arm

Length of the resistance arm

Question 13

_____________: The force is located between the fulcrum and the weight.

Answer 13

Third Class Lever

Question 14

____________: The weight is between the fulcrum and the force.

Answer 14

Second Class Lever

Question 15

The fulcrum is between the force and the weight.

Answer 15

First Class Lever

Question 16

In a simple lever, force applied at right angles to the lever, multiplied by the force arm equals weight times resistance arm. This shows the concept of _____________.

Answer 16

Laws of Levers

(F x FA = W x RA)

Question 17

___________ is the distance from the fulcrum to the point where force is applied.

___________ is the distance from the fulcrum to the center of gravity of the weight.

Answer 17

The Force Arm

The Weight Arm

Question 18

_________ of the body act as levers which creates mechanical advantage of strength or speed by producing a turning motion about an axis.

Answer 18

Bones

Question 19

Most of the movements of the body are produced by ___________ levers.

Answer 19

Third class

Question 20

______________ can give strength or speed depending on where the fulcrum is located. ______________ are oriented towards speed of movement rather than strength. ____________ give strength.

Answer 20

First Class Levers

(>,<,=1)

Third Class Levers

(<1)

Second Class Levers

(>1)

Question 21

To be most effective, the force must be directed ____________ to the lever.

Answer 21

At right angles

Question 22

If a person desires to exert a large amount of force he should have as long a ________ arm as possible.

Answer 22

Force (arm)

Question 23

Identify the four planes of movements

Answer 23

• *1. Sagittal Plane
  2. Coronal Plane
  3. Transverse/horizontal Plane
  4. Oblique Plane**

Question 24

This plane passes through the body at an angle.

Answer 24

Oblique Plane

Question 25

This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.

Answer 25

**Sagittal Plane**

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior. This is the plane where abduction/adduction occurs.

Answer 26

**Coronal Plane**

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: This plane divides the body into superior and inferior.

Answer 27

**Transverse or Horizontal Plane** This is where horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction occurs

Question 28

The _______________ is always at 90 degrees of the plane of movement.

Answer 28

**Axis of Movement**

Question 29

Identify four Axes of Movement

Answer 29

* *1. Frontal (Coronal) Axis 2. Sagittal Axis 3. Vertical Axis 4. Longitudinal Axis**

Question 30

This axis follows the shaft of the bone.

Answer 30

**Longitudinal Axis**

Question 31

This axis goes from front to back of the body.

Answer 31

**Sagittal Axis**

Question 32

The moving segments travel in a sagittal plane around a horizontal (coronal) axis.

Answer 32

**Flexion and Extension**

Question 33

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs in frontal (coronal) plane around an axis lying in the sagittal plane.

Answer 33

**Abduction and Adduction**

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction.

Answer 34

**Circumduction**

Question 35

In circumduction, the extremity will travel in a cone-shaped path with the apex at the ________________ around which the movements originates.

Answer 35

**Fulcrum at the joint**

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs in multiaxial (ball and socket) joints, around a longitudinal axis.

Answer 36

**Medial/Lateral rotation**

Question 37

This is when an object progresses in a straight line from one position to another with all of its parts moving in the same direction at the same velocity. This occurs in a particular plane.

Answer 37

**Linear Motion**

Question 38

Defined as motion in which all parts of an object move along the arc of a circle around a center of rotation or axis. This also occurs in a plane, but also around an axis.

Answer 38

**Angular Motion** AKA rotary or rotatory motion

Question 39

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs at pivot joints (not ball and socket joints) in the proximal radioulnar joint.

Answer 39

**Pronation and Supination**

Question 40

Where is the axis for pronation and supination located? (This center or axis also rotates around another axis in the center of the head of the ulna)

Answer 40

In the center or axis of the **Head of the radius**

Question 41

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or downward rotation is refering to a movement where the inferior angle of the scapula moves medially.

Answer 41

**Adduction **

Question 42

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves upward rotation or inferior angle of the moves laterally.

Answer 42

**Abduction**

Question 43

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the scapula expands the rib cage. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the scapula decreases the rib cage size.

Answer 43

**Elevation** **Depression**

Question 44

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the shoulder occurs around a sagittal axis in the frontal plane.

Answer 44

**Elevation and Depression**

Question 45

Protraction/retraction of the shoulder occurs around a _________ axis in a ________ plane.

Answer 45

**Vertical** **Horizontal**

Question 46

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs around the longitudinal axis of the humerus.

Answer 46

**Rotation**

Question 47

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the movement of the sole of the foot medially.

Answer 47

**Inversion** AKA supination (not used very often)

Question 48

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the movement of the sole of the foot laterally.

Answer 48

**Eversion** AKA pronation (used more often than eversion)

Question 49

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ actually results from movements around as many as 12 axes.

Answer 49

**Eversion and eversion of the foot**

Question 50

Eversion and inversion are the result of small gliding movements between the __________ and ______________ joints mainly accepted as subtalar joint movement.

Answer 50

**Intertarsal** **Tarsometatarsal**

Question 51

Extension and flexion of axial skeleton occurs in _______ plane and _______ axis.

Answer 51

**Sagittal** **Coronal**

Question 52

Lateral flexion of the axial skeleton occurs in _______ plane and _______ axis.

Answer 52

**Coronal** **Sagittal**

Question 53

Rotation of the axial skeleton occurs in ________ axis, and in standing straight, _________ axis.

Answer 53

**Longitudinal** **Vertical**