Chapter 9: Meiosis

Question 1

Purpose of Meiosis I

Answer 1

• Separates the two versions of each chromosome

Question 2

Purpose of Meiosis II

Answer 2

Separates the replicas of each version (sister chromatids)

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

• Initial growth of cell
• DNA Replicates, Synthesis

Question 4

Prophase I

Answer 4

• Nuclear envelope disappears
• DNA condenses
• Tetrads form
• Crossing over occurs

Question 5

Metaphase 1

Answer 5

• Tetrads line up in middle
• Independent Assortment occurs

Question 6

Anaphase I

Answer 6

• Tetrads separate (Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of diploid cells)

Question 7

Telophase I

Answer 7

2 Diploid cells are created

Question 8

Prophase II

Answer 8

• Nuclear envelope reappears
• Spindle fibers form

Question 9

Metaphase II

Answer 9

Homologous chromosomes align in center of diploid cells

Question 10

Anaphase II

Answer 10

• Homologous chromosomes separate
• Nondisjunction can occur

Question 11

Telophase II

Answer 11

4 haploid gametes created

Question 12

What is crossing over?

Answer 12

The exchange of DNA between two sister chromatids. (The arms are miss matched :))

Question 13

Where is DNA replicated?

Answer 13

During interphase, prior to Meiosis I (only occurs at this point)

Question 14

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 14

Two chromosomes in a pair (duplicated) usually having one from mother and one from father.

Question 15

Three ways genetic recombination occurs

Answer 15

Transduction, transformation, and conjugation

Question 16

Transduction

Answer 16

The process by which a cell responds to substances outside the cell through signaling molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell.

Question 17

Transformation

Answer 17

a form of genetic recombination in which a DNA fragment from a dead, degraded bacterium enters a competent recipient bacterium and is exchanged for a piece of DNA of the recipient.

Question 18

Conjugation

Answer 18

DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another.

Question 19

Why is meiosis also called reductive division?

Answer 19

Due for be fact us results in cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 20

Contrast the end products of Meiosis and Mitosis

Answer 20

Meiosis end products are not identical copies of each other due to the randomization of crossing over; however, mitosis end products are daughter cells with identical genomes from the parent cell.

Question 21

Independent Assortment

Answer 21

The way chromosomes line up and how their rereads separate (Random alignment of chromosomes on metaphase plate)

Question 22

DNA in gamete cells . . .

Answer 22

Have half the DNA of regular somatic cells.

Question 23

Where does crossing over occur?

Answer 23

Prophase 1

Question 24

When does separation of homologous chromosomes occur?

Answer 24

Anaphase 1

Question 25

After meiosis I, ____ cells are formed and after meiosis II, ___ cells are formed.

Answer 25

2, 4

Question 26

The process of independent assortment refers to

Answer 26

the orientation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase 1

Question 27

In anaphase 1, ___ separate and in anaphase II, ___ separate.

Answer 27

Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids

Question 28

TRUE or FALSE: Sister Chromatids separate in anaphase 1

Answer 28

False

Question 29

The alignment of homologous chromosomes with the exchange of generic information between them is known as

Answer 29

Crossing over

Question 30

Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occurs at

Answer 30

Metaphase 1

Question 31

In humans, gametes are ___, while somatic cells (body) cells are ___.

Answer 31

Haploid, diploid

Question 32

During which stage do homologous chromosomes line up in a single file line on the equatorial plane?

Answer 32

Metaphase 1

Question 33

During which stage do sister chromatids li e up on the equatorial plane?

Answer 33

Metaphase II

Question 34

The main difference between prophase 11 and prophase II is that in prophase I

Answer 34

Synapsid and crossing over occur

Question 35

The random orientation of different pairs of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase play is responsible for

Answer 35

Independent assortment