Chapter 9: Oral Manifestations Of Systemic Diseases

Question 1

Acromegaly

Answer 1

A disorder that is caused by chronic overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland and is characterized by gradual and permanent enlargement of bones after closure of epiphyseal plates

Question 2

Adipokines

Answer 2

Cytokines produced by adipose tissue (fat)

Question 3

Agranulocytosis

Answer 3

A marked decrease in the number of granulocytes, particularly neutrophils

Question 4

Anemia

Answer 4

A reduction in the number of red blood cells, quantity of hemoglobin, or volume of packed red blood cells to less than normal

Question 5

Apertognathia

Answer 5

Anterior open bite

Question 6

Aplasia

Answer 6

Lack of development

Question 7

Arthralgia

Answer 7

Severe pain in a joint

Question 8

Atherosclerosis

Answer 8

The process by which a lipid accumulates within the walls of large and medium sized arteries. It leads to reduce blood flow to and death of vital organs

Question 9

Catabolism

Answer 9

component of metabolism that involves the breakdown of tissue

Question 10

chemotherapy

Answer 10

treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs

Question 11

coagulation

Answer 11

formation of clot

Question 12

dysphagia

Answer 12

difficulty swallowing

Question 13

ecchymosis

Answer 13

small, flat, hemorrhagic patch larger than petechia on skin or mucosal membrane

Question 14

Epistaxis

Answer 14

bleeding from nose

Question 15

Exophthalmos

Answer 15

An abnormal protrusion

(bulging) of one or both eyes.

Question 16

Fibrin

Answer 16

An insoluble protein that is essential to the clotting

of blood.

Question 17

Gastrectomy

Answer 17

Surgical removal of the stomach

Question 18

Gigantism

Answer 18

Excessive growth and height. Pituitary
gigantism is a condition caused by increased production of
growth hormone by the pituitary gland before closure of the
epiphyseal plates.

Question 19

Hematocrit

Answer 19

Volume percentage of red blood cells in

whole blood.

Question 20

Hematoma

Answer 20

A localized swelling that is filled with

blood caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel.

Question 21

Hypercalcemia

Answer 21

excess calcium in the blood

Question 22

Hypercortisolism

Answer 22

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to cortisol

Question 23

hypoglycemia

Answer 23

a deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream

Question 24

Hyponatremia

Answer 24

A deficiency of sodium in the blood

Question 25

Hormone

Answer 25

Secreted molecules produced in the body that have a specific regulatory action on target cells that are distant from their sites of synthesis; an endocrine hormone is frequently carried by the blood from its site of release to its target.

Question 26

Icterus

Answer 26

Jaundice

Question 27

International Normalized Ratio

Answer 27

A system established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis for reporting the results of blood coagulation (clotting) tests.

Question 28

Ischemia

Answer 28

An inadequate blood supply to an organ | or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

A hormone produced in the pancreas by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans; insulin regulates glucose metabolism and is the major fuel-regulating hormone.

Question 30

Insulin Shock

Answer 30

Profound hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose level, that necessitates emergency intervention.

Question 31

KEtoacidosis

Answer 31

Accumulation of acid in the body resulting from accumulation of ketone bodies

Question 32

Kiolonychia

Answer 32

Spoon shaped nails

Question 33

Leukopenia

Answer 33

A condition in which the number of WBC circulating in the blood is abnormally low

Question 34

Macro vascular disease

Answer 34

Atherosclerosis of large and medium sized blood vessels

Question 35

Macroglossia

Answer 35

Abnormally large tongue

Question 36

Megaloblast

Answer 36

Large, abnormally developed RBC typical of certain forms of anemia and associated with deficiency of folic acid and vitamin b12

Question 37

Menorrhagia

Answer 37

Abnormally heavy bleeding during menstruation

Question 38

Mycrocyte

Answer 38

A red blood cell that is smaller than normal

Question 39

Micro vascular disease

Answer 39

Damage to small blood vessels

Question 40

Myalgia

Answer 40

Muscle pain