CHAPTER 9: OTHER IMPORTANT DESIGN STRATEGIES Flashcards
(60 cards)
What is Defensible Space?
Physical and psychological/social barriers that define a space for the purpose of surveillance and control by the site owner
Defensible space consists of territory, access, and surveillance.
List the components of Defensible Space.
- Territory (public and private space)
- Access (providing or restricting access)
- Surveillance (seeing or being seen)
What is Natural Access Control?
Uses defined entry points and other physical barriers to limit access to a specific site.
How does limiting access affect crime opportunities?
Decreases opportunities for crime and makes a site feel safer to its users.
Define Territorial Reinforcement.
Uses design features such as plant materials, hardscape, walls, and fences to delineate a sphere of influence.
What is the purpose of Territorial Reinforcement?
Deters potential criminal offenders by making it clear they have entered a highly maintained or controlled space.
What is Natural Surveillance?
Uses site and architectural design to create spaces that maximize visibility to increase safety.
Give examples of Natural Surveillance.
- Windows that look onto public spaces
- Adequate nighttime lighting
- Active pedestrian-friendly streetscapes
What does Management and Maintenance entail?
Keeping the site in good working order to convey a sense of safety and security.
What are electronic methods in CPTED?
- Mechanical security products
- Target hardening techniques
- Locks
- Alarms
- Closed circuit television (CCTV)
Fill in the blank: The most efficient irrigation systems are _______.
[climate based control systems]
What is the purpose of grading?
Alter the relative steepness of a slope to control the path and velocity of stormwater runoff.
What is the formula for grading?
Rise over run (vertical change in elevation divided by horizontal distance).
Describe the Cut and Fill process.
A sequence of activities: site preparation, bulk excavation, backfilling/fine grading, finish surfacing.
What are the threats posed by sediment to waterways?
- Introduces fertilizers and pesticides
- Reduces stream channel and reservoir capacity
- Increases likelihood of flooding
How does vegetation help with erosion and sediment control?
- Prevents soil erosion
- Holds soil in place with root systems
- Increases absorption capacity of the soil
What are the two steps in sediment and erosion mitigation on construction sites?
- Minimizing the amount of land disturbed (erosion control)
- Limiting the damage caused by sediments (sediment control)
List best practices for erosion control.
- Limiting disturbance
- Scheduling grading to avoid high erosion potential
- Stabilizing soils after grading
- Locating pollution sources away from sensitive areas
What are construction site sediment controls?
- Sediment basins
- Sediment traps
- Filter fabric fencing
- Straw bale barriers
Define stormwater management.
Controlling the volume, concentration, and quality of surface runoff on a site.
What influences surface runoff?
- Precipitation
- Soil type
- Slope
- Vegetation
What does Low Impact Development (LID) emphasize?
Sustainable stormwater management through small scale controls that help natural hydrological processes.
List benefits of LID.
- Reduction in stormwater volume and velocity
- Increase in pervious surfaces
- Improvements to water quality
What is the purpose of a hydrograph?
Visual graphics of stormwater volume.
