Chapter 9 Psychology

Question 1

Motivation is the process by which activities are ________, _________, and________ to meet a person’s physical or psychological requirements.

A) Started; Directed; Continued
B) Sensed ;Perceived; Created
C) Created; Developed; Acted upon
D) Desired; Directed; Developed

Answer 1

A) Started; Directed; Continued

Question 2

If a person carries out a behavior to receive an outcome that is separate from the person, this is known as

A) Intrinsic Motivation
B) Extrinsic Motivation
C) Drive- Reduction Motivation
D) Instinctual Motivation

Answer 2

B) Extrinsic Motivation

Question 3

William MacDougall’s original research on instinctual motivation proposed a total of _____________ instincts for humans, whereas later researchers believed there were _______________

A) 5; 25
B) 18; 50
C) 18; thousands
D) 100; millions

Answer 3

C) 18; thousands

Question 4

What motivational theory relies heavily on the concept of homeostasis?

A) Instinctual theory
B) Need for affiliation theory
C) Drive-reduction theory
D) Need for achievement theory

Answer 4

C) Drive reduction theory

Question 5

People high in the need for _____________ want to be liked by others and are good team players.

A) Achievement
B) Affiliation
C) Power
D) Emotion

Answer 5

B ) Affiliation

Question 6

According to research by Carol Dweck, which of the following would be the best phrase to reinforce a child’s behavior?

A) I’m am proud of the way you tried to solve that problem.
B) Good job. You got the right answer
C) Well done. But you must try even harder next time
D) Excellent. Now go out and do it again

Answer 6

A) I’m proud of the way you tried to solve that problem

Question 7

According to the arousal theory, people’s are motivated towards __________________ level of arousal.

A) Their highest
B) Their lowest
C) Their optimum
D) Their minimal

Answer 7

C) Their optimum

Question 8

In terms of arousal and task difficulty, easy tasks typically demand a _______________ level for optimal performance,whereas difficult tasks require a ______________ level.

A) High- moderate ; low- moderate
B) Low- moderate; high - moderate
C) Either or high or low; medium
D) Low ; low

Answer 8

A) High- moderate ; low- moderate

Question 9

In the strictest sense, what is incentive theory based on?

A) Sensation and perception
B) Learning theory
C) Social conformity
D) Internal unconscious forces

Answer 9

B) Learning theory

Question 10

In Maslow’s theory, how often do people reach a point of self- actualization?

A) Most people reach a state of self- actualization before they
reach adulthood
B) Most people reach a state of self- actualization as they finish
adolescence.
C) Seldom, although there are times in a person’s life when they are self - actualization at least temporarily
D) No one ever reaches the ultimate state. Our motivations express themselves in how they try to attain it.

Answer 10

C) Seldom, although there are times in a person’s life when they are self - actualization at least temporarily

Question 11

In Ryan and Deci ‘s self-determination theory, what is the key to achieving one’s needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness?

A) An institutional motivation
B) Support from others around you
C) A motivation often driven by heredity
D) A driving desire not to be a failure

Answer 11

B) Support from other’s around you

Question 12

Damage to the _____________in rats can cause them to starve to death while damage to the _______________ will cause them to eat and eat and eat.

A) Pancreas; stomach
B) Liver; kidneys
C) Ventromedial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus
D) Lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 12

D) Lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 13

The rate at which the body burns energy while at rest is known as?

A) Weight set point
B) Basal metabolic rate
C) Leptin
D) Glucagon

Answer 13

B) Basal metabolic rate

Question 14

If calorie intake stays the same, as the basal metabolic rate decreases, the weight set point

A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Stays the same
D) Varies up and down

Answer 14

B) Increases

Question 15

Jermaine eats a late breakfast at 10:00am but finds he is hungry at 11:30am when he typically eats lunch. What best explains his hunger pains only 90 minutes after eating breakfast?

A) Heredity
B) Social Pressure
C) Classical conditioning
D) Self- actualization

Answer 15

C) Classical conditioning

Question 16

In cultures where western lifestyles of eating and exercising have been adopted, obesity rates have ______________ over the last 20 years.

A) Remained relatively stable
B) Decreased slightly
C) Doubled
D) Tripled

Answer 16

D) Tripled

Question 17

According to researchers at Yale, what might be one way to get children to eat more carrots?

A) Include the word “healthy” on the outside of the package
B) Include a brief explanation of the amount of vitamins in carrots
C) Put a prize in the package
D) Put a cartoon character on the outside of the package

Answer 17

D) Put a cartoon character on the outside of the package

Question 18

The phrase,” I’m embarrassed because my face is red “is best explained by which theory of emotion?

A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) Schachter- Singer
D) Traditional theory of emotion

Answer 18

B) James-Lange

Question 19

” I believe that emotions and physiological arousal tend to happen simultaneously, “ Which theorist would be responsible for making such a statement?

A) Walter Cannon or Philip Bard
B) William James or Carl Lange
C) Stanley Schachter or Jerome Singer
D) Sigmund Freud or Erik Erickson

Answer 19

A) Walter Cannon or Philip Bard

Question 20

One day at school, someone collides with you in the hall and knocks you down,causing you to be angry. However, when playing football with friends,if you get knocked down, you don’t express anger. What theory best explains how we label each situation and choose the important emotion to show?

A) James- Lange
B) Cannon- Bard
C) Schachter- Singer
D) Facial feedback

Answer 20

C) Schachter- Singer

Question 21

In Schachter and Singer’s classic study, participants who received epinephrine and were in the company of the “angry” research confederate interpreted their physiological arousal as _________, whereas those who were exposed to the “happy” confederate interpreted their arousal as ____________.

A) Anger; Happiness
B) Happiness; Anger
C) Happiness; Happiness
D) Anger; Anger

Answer 21

A) Anger; Happiness

Question 22

Eileen smiles wherever she goes. She smiles a lot in the classroom, which in turn prompts her to fellow students to smile, making them feel happier too. This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion?

A) James- Lange
B) Cognitive- mediational
C) Schachter- Singer
D) Facial Feedback

Answer 22

D) Facial Feedback

Question 23

Eli enjoys woodcarving. Although none of his teenage friends are interested, he often spends hours creating several different pieces. His enjoyment of the task is all his own, and rarely shows other his work. Many would call his motivation _________in nature.

A) Instinctual
B) Arousal
C) Extrinsic
D) Intrinsic

Answer 23

D) Intrinsic

Question 24

Jasmine often requires her friends approval when she buys new outfits. Her need is an example of a(n) ______________drive.

A) Primary
B) Aquired (secondary)
C) Innate
D) Instinctive

Answer 24

B) Acquired (secondary)

Question 25

The approach to motivation that forced psychologists to consider the value of homeostasis in motivation was the ________ approach.

A) Arousal
B) Drive-Reduction
C) Instinct
D) Incentive

Answer 25

B) Drive-Reduction

Question 26

Motivational theories such as _____________ are physical in terms of their needs while _____________ is based off of psychological motives.

A) Drive theory; Instinctual Theory
B) Biological Theory; Drive Theory
C) Drive Theory; McCelland’s need theory
D) Need For Power; Drive Theory

Answer 26

C) Drive Theory; McClelland’s need theory

Question 27

Dodd is always looking for new hobbies. He prefers exciting hobbies that will get him noticed. In his company, Dodi constantly asks for feedback from customers so he can know what needs to do to be the best. Dodi is high in the need for _____________.

A) Achievement
B) Affiliation
C) Power
D) Attention

Answer 27

A) Achievement

Question 28

An important component to Carol Dweck’s theory of motivation is.

A) One’s view of self
B) An understanding of classical conditioning and its impact on motivation
C) The importance of heredity on biological motivations
D) An understanding of emotions

Answer 28

A) One’s view of self

Question 29

According to the arousal theory, people are typically motivated towards ____________ point of arousal.

A) The highest
B) The optimal
C) The easiest
D) The quickest

Answer 29

B) The optimal

Question 30

According to Maslow, what is meant by a peak experience?

A) That point, even for a moment, when someone reaches a state of self- actualization
B) The point at which someone reaches transcendence
C) The point at which someone begins to work through the hierarchy
D) The point at which someone must descend back down the hierarchy to address a previous need which is no longer secure

Answer 30

D) The point at which someone must descend back down the hierarchy to address a previous need which is no longer secure.

Question 31

Jacob believes he is in control of his own destiny. He feels he is secure in the friendships he has with others. However, he still feels the need to master many of the challenges in his own life and career. According to self-determination theory, which stage is Jacob still working to complete?

A) Autonomy
B) Competence
C) Relatedness
D) Affiliation

Answer 31

B) Competence

Question 32

Leptin is a hormone involved in?

A) Appetite Control
B) Metabolism Control
C) Digestion Of Fatty Foods
D) Neurotransmissions

Answer 32

A) Appetite Control

Question 33

The structure in the brain that,when damaged, causes rats to eat and eat and eat is called the?

A) Ventromedial Pituitary
B) Lateral Hippocampus
C) Ventromedial Hypothalamus
D) Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 33

C) Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Question 34

The level weight the body tries to maintain is called the?

A) Basal Metabolic Rate
B) Weight set point
C) Basal set point
D) Weight metabolic rate

Answer 34

B) Weight set point

Question 35

Studies indicate that women from ______________ are more likely to eat because their body tells them they are hungry.

A) Hungary
B) The United States
C) Italy
D) Japan

Answer 35

D) Japan

Question 36

Since Dillon’s family has a history of obesity, he has _____________of becoming obese compared to people without such a family history.

A) Thalamus
B) Double or triple the risk
C) Five times the risk
D) Less risk

Answer 36

B) Double or triple the risk

Question 37

LeDoux’s work on the physiology involving emotions has focused on what part of the brain?

A) Thalamus
B) Hippocampus
C) Prefrontal Cortex
D) Amygdala

Answer 37

D) Amygdala

Question 38

Research on facial expressions has taught us that facial expressions are.

A) Inherent to a region and therefore mean different things in different countries
B) Inherent to a culture and therefore mean different things to different cultures
C) Learned
D) Universal

Answer 38

D) Universal

Question 39

What is meant by display rule?

A) An understanding of when and under what conditions emotions and feelings may be displayed within a culture.
B) An understanding of what behaviors can be expressed when someone is in a new situation.
C) An understanding of how children are to act in presence of adults.
D) An understanding of how to hide emotions from others.

Answer 39

A) An understanding of when and under what conditions emotions and feelings may be displayed within a culture.

Question 40

What theory of emotion states that the emotion typically occurs before arousal and behavior.

A) The original, or Common-Sense Theory
B) Schachter and Singer’s Theory
C) Cannon and Bard’s Theory
D) James and Lang’s Theory

Answer 40

A) The original, or Common-Sense Theory

Question 41

Which theory of emotion relies heavily on cognition and labeling?

A) The original, or Common-Sense Theory
B) Schachter and Singer’s Theory
C) Cannon and Bard’s Theory
D) James and Lang’s Theory

Answer 41

B) Schachter and Singer’s Theory

Question 42

The first stage of David Allen’s Getting Things Done (GTD) method is __________ anything and everything that has your attention.

A) Reviewing
B) Doing
C) Capturing
D) Organizing

Answer 42

C) Capturing