Chapter 9 Quiz - Jack

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Produces offspring by ‘mixing’ traits from 2 parents

Question 2

Conjugation

Answer 2

Form of gene transfer in some microorganisms

Question 3

What type of reproduction is successful in a stable environment?

Answer 3

Asexual

Question 4

What type of reproduction will be more desired in a changing environment?

Answer 4

Sexual

Question 5

What type of cells contain 2 Homlogus set of chromosomes?

Answer 5

Diploid cells

Question 6

What type of cells have two full sets of chromosomes?

Answer 6

Diploid cells

Question 7

What determines whether an individual is a male or female?

Answer 7

Sex chromosomes (X and Y)

Question 8

22 Homologous pairs of autosomes do not determine ___?

Answer 8

Sex

Question 9

What do Homologous chromosomes share

Answer 9

Same size, banding pattern, centromere location

Question 10

How do homologous chromosomes differ ?

Answer 10

In the alleles they carry

Question 11

What is essential in sexual reproduction?

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

What are haploid cells?

Answer 12

Gametes

Question 13

What halves the genetic material to produce haploid cells?

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 14

Fertilization occurs when___

Answer 14

Gametes fuse, forming the diploid zygote

Question 15

What produces the body cells during growth and development

Answer 15

Mitotic cell division

Question 16

What type of cells undergo meiosis?

Answer 16

Specialized germ cells

Question 17

What type of cells do not participate in reproduction?

Answer 17

Somatic cells

Question 18

What cells produce haploid cells?

Answer 18

Diploid germ cells

Question 19

What halves the chromosome number in scrambles alleles?

Answer 19

Meiosis

Question 20

The events of meiosis ensures that gametes____

Answer 20

Are haploid and genetically variable

Question 21

DNA replicates once, the nucleus divides twice in ___

Answer 21

Meiosis

Question 22

What happens before meiosis?

Answer 22

Interphase (including DNA replication)

Question 23

In meiosis, spindle fibers do what?

Answer 23

Attach to kinetochores and move the chromosome up

Question 24

What happens in Meiosis 1?

Answer 24

Homologous chromosomes pair up and separate

Question 25

What happens in prophase 1?

Answer 25

Homologous pairs of chromosomes align

Question 26

What happens in anaphase 1?

Answer 26

Homologous pairs of chromosomes split apart

Question 27

What happens in meiosis 2?

Answer 27

Two products of meiosis 2 divide Producing 4 cells that contain half the chromosomes as a diploid cell

Question 28

Meiosis generates what?

Answer 28

Enormous variability

Question 29

How do the alleles get shuffled?

Answer 29

Crossing over in prophase 1

Question 30

What is the result of shuffled alleles?

Answer 30

Produces variability when portions of Homologous chromosomes switch places

Question 31

Asexual reproduction is reproduction without a ____

Answer 31

Reproductive male

Question 32

Chromosomes pairs align randomly during what phase?

Answer 32

Metaphase 1

Question 33

Every possible orientation of _ _ at _ _ is equally likely

Answer 33

Homologous chromosomes/Metaphase 1

Question 34

Gametes have many possible unique combinations of what?

Answer 34

paternal and maternal chromosomes

Question 35

Fertilization Multiples the _?

Answer 35

diversity

Question 36

Any sperm can fertilize any _ _?

Answer 36

Egg Cell

Question 37

A human couple can produce trillions of what?

Answer 37

genetically different offspring

Question 38

What arises when a zygote splits into two embryos?

Answer 38

identical (monozygotic)

Question 39

What arises when twins develop from separate zygotes?

Answer 39

Fraternal (dizygotic)

Question 40

Identical (Monozygotic) have a _ placenta

Answer 40

shared

Question 41

Fraternal (Dizygotic) have a _ placenta

Answer 41

separate

Question 42

What makes identical cell copies and occurs throughout life?

Answer 42

Mitotic division

Question 43

Meiosis produces genetically different haploid cells only in _

Answer 43

specialized cells and only during some parts of the life cycle

Question 44

_ sometimes occur in meiosis

Answer 44

errors

Question 45

What does polyploidy mean?

Answer 45

Extra chromosome sets

Question 46

What cells have 1 or more sets of chromosomes?

Answer 46

Polyploid Cells

Question 47

What does Nondisjunction result in?

Answer 47

extra or missing chromosomes

Question 48

What is the definition of nondisjunction?

Answer 48

the failure of chromosomes to separate in meiosis

Question 49

What effect does nondisjunction have on gametes?

Answer 49

It causes them to have incorrect numbers

Question 50

A _ _ abnormally is typically less severe than an incorrect number of _

Answer 50

sex chromosome/autosomes

Question 51

What can delete or duplicate genes?

Answer 51

Chromosomal rearrangements

Question 52

_ _ chromosome abnormalities also occur

Answer 52

Smaller scale

Question 53

An _ flips gene order

Answer 53

Inversion

Question 54

What is when 2 non-homologous exchange parts?

Answer 54

Translocation

Question 55

_ and _ may disrupt vital genes

Answer 55

Inversions and translocation

Question 56

Haploid nuclei are packaged into _

Answer 56

gametes

Question 57

In humans, gametes form in _ and _

Answer 57

testes/ovaries

Question 58

Spermatogenesis begins in the _

Answer 58

testes

Question 59

Diploid germ cells undergo _, then _ and _ before differentiating into _ sperm cells.

Answer 59

mitosis, meiosis 1, and meiosis 2, 4

Question 60

Oogenesis occurs in the _

Answer 60

ovaries

Question 61

In oogenesis, diploid germ cells called _ divide _ and then _

Answer 61

Oogonia/Mitotically/Meiotically

Question 62

Oogenesis yields a large egg cell and _ smaller cells called _ _

Answer 62

3/Polar Bodies

Question 63

In plants, _ produce gametes

Answer 63

Gametophytes

Question 64

Sexual reproduction involves an alteration of generations with _ _ and _ _

Answer 64

Multicellular haploid/Diploid Phases