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Year 8 Science > Chapter 9 Rocks > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals

A

Substance that makes up rocks. Every mineral has its own chemical make-up

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer layer of the earth including the crust and the upper part of the mantle

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3
Q

Magma

A

A very hot mixture of molten rock and gases just below the Earths surface

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4
Q

Sediments

A

Broken down material caused by weathering and erosion, it also collects in layers

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5
Q

Native elements

A

Elements found separated in the Earths crust

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6
Q

Crystals

A

Substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes

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7
Q

Lustre

A

An appearance of a mineral with the way it reflects light

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8
Q

Streak

A

Colour of a mineral as a fine powder

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9
Q

Hardness

A

A measurement of how hard something is by scratching the surface of a solid material

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10
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma

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11
Q

Extrusive

A

Igneous rock that forms above ground

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12
Q

Pumice

A

Lava that cools and becomes hard and also floats

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13
Q

Scoria

A

A dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

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14
Q

Abrasives

A

A substance that easily scratches another

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15
Q

Basalt

A

An igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of lava

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16
Q

Obsidian

A

A black rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

17
Q

Granite

A

Hard igneous rock with different coloured crystals large enough to be seen to the naked eye

18
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Rocks formed from sediments

19
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers etc.

20
Q

Floodplains

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

21
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice that move downs slopes and push boulders

22
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by movement of glacier

23
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary with medium sized grains

24
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

25
Q

Shale

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

26
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

27
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

28
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms

29
Q

Coal

A

Sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals

30
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up

Year 8 Science (1 decks)

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