Chapter 9- Rocks

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Substances which make up rocks.

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

The outer layer of the earth also known as the crust.

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

The hot mixture of molten rock and gasses beneath the earths surface.

Question 4

Sediments

Answer 4

Materials broken down by wind, rain, heat etc.

Question 5

Native Minerals

Answer 5

Elements which aren’t joined, that are found in the earths crust.

Question 6

Lustre

Answer 6

The measure of how light reflects off a mineral.

Question 7

Crystals

Answer 7

Substances which can be 1 of 7 different shapes and different sizes formed in rocks from the cooling of lava.

Question 8

Streak

Answer 8

The colour of a mineral in the form of a powder. Found by rubbing the mineral onto a white tile.

Question 9

Hardened

Answer 9

The measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.

Question 10

Igneous Rocks

Answer 10

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma.

Question 11

Extrusive Rocks

Answer 11

Igneous rock which forms when lava cools above the surface

Question 12

Pumice

Answer 12

A pale rock which forms when when being shot out of a volcano.

Question 13

Scoria

Answer 13

A dark igneous rock formed from gassy lava, which cools quickly.

Question 14

Abrasive

Answer 14

A property of a material which scratches another.

Question 15

Basalt

Answer 15

An igneous rock which has small crystals in it which are formed by fast cooling of lava.

Question 16

Obsidian

Answer 16

A smooth,black rock which is formed when lava cools almost instantly.

Question 17

Intrusive

Answer 17

Rocks which form after magma slowly cools underground

Question 18

Batholiths

Answer 18

Large portions of intrusive rock which can spread up to distances of more than 1000km

Question 19

Granite

Answer 19

A common intrusive rock with crystals which form over a long period of time.

Question 20

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 20

Rocks formed from the particles of sediments

Question 21

Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 21

Rocks formed by another rock under great heat or pressure.

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

The removal of rock and soil by natural elements such as wind,rain etc.

Question 23

flat plains

Answer 23

open land next to a river where sediments are deposited during floods.

Question 24

Glaciers

Answer 24

Large bodies of ice

Question 25

Moraines

Answer 25

A deposit of rock,gravel and smaller particles left by movement of a glacier.

Question 26

Sandstone

Answer 26

A rock formed from grains of sand which have been cemented over a period of time.

Question 27

Mudstone

Answer 27

A fine-grained sedimentary rock without layering

Question 28

Shale

Answer 28

A fine-grained rock formed in layers by clay making it stronger.

Question 29

Conglomerate

Answer 29

Sedimentary rocks containing various particle sizes cemented together.

Question 30

Limestone

Answer 30

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms

Question 31

Coal

Answer 31

A mineral formed from the remains of dead plants and animals

Question 32

Rock salt

Answer 32

A sedimentary deposits formed when a salt lake or a sea bed has dried up.

Question 33

Metamorphism

Answer 33

The process which changes rocks by high pressure or temperatures.

Question 34

Slate

Answer 34

A fine grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of heat and pressure on shale.

Question 35

Gneiss

Answer 35

A metamorphic rock formed as a result of high pressure on granite.

Question 36

Mineral Ores

Answer 36

Minerals containing metals of value

Question 37

Mining

Answer 37

The extraction of natural resources from the earth

Question 38

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Answer 38

The study of the effects of a planned project on the environment.

Question 39

Rehabilitated

Answer 39

When something has been restored to its original condition

Question 40

Overburden

Answer 40

The waste rock beneath topsoil

Question 41

Open-cut mining

Answer 41

A method of mining to dig out minerals and rocks from the surface

Question 42

Underground Mining

Answer 42

A method of mining using shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface.

Question 43

Stone Age

Answer 43

A period beginning 200 million years ago where people using rock to create weapons/ tools

Question 44

Alloy

Answer 44

A mixture of a metal with another metal or a non metal

Question 45

Flint

Answer 45

A fine grained sedimentary rock

Question 46

Percussion Flaking

Answer 46

A process using bigger rocks to break rocks to make create flakes which can be used for smaller tools

Question 47

Clastic

Answer 47

Little rocks which are cemented together