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Year 8 Science > Chapter 9- Rocks > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals

A

Substances which make up rocks.

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer layer of the earth also known as the crust.

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3
Q

Magma

A

The hot mixture of molten rock and gasses beneath the earths surface.

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4
Q

Sediments

A

Materials broken down by wind, rain, heat etc.

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5
Q

Native Minerals

A

Elements which aren’t joined, that are found in the earths crust.

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6
Q

Lustre

A

The measure of how light reflects off a mineral.

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7
Q

Crystals

A

Substances which can be 1 of 7 different shapes and different sizes formed in rocks from the cooling of lava.

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8
Q

Streak

A

The colour of a mineral in the form of a powder. Found by rubbing the mineral onto a white tile.

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9
Q

Hardened

A

The measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.

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10
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma.

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11
Q

Extrusive Rocks

A

Igneous rock which forms when lava cools above the surface

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12
Q

Pumice

A

A pale rock which forms when when being shot out of a volcano.

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13
Q

Scoria

A

A dark igneous rock formed from gassy lava, which cools quickly.

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14
Q

Abrasive

A

A property of a material which scratches another.

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15
Q

Basalt

A

An igneous rock which has small crystals in it which are formed by fast cooling of lava.

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16
Q

Obsidian

A

A smooth,black rock which is formed when lava cools almost instantly.

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17
Q

Intrusive

A

Rocks which form after magma slowly cools underground

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18
Q

Batholiths

A

Large portions of intrusive rock which can spread up to distances of more than 1000km

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19
Q

Granite

A

A common intrusive rock with crystals which form over a long period of time.

20
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Rocks formed from the particles of sediments

21
Q

Metamorphic Rocks

A

Rocks formed by another rock under great heat or pressure.

22
Q

Erosion

A

The removal of rock and soil by natural elements such as wind,rain etc.

23
Q

flat plains

A

open land next to a river where sediments are deposited during floods.

24
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice

25
Q

Moraines

A

A deposit of rock,gravel and smaller particles left by movement of a glacier.

26
Q

Sandstone

A

A rock formed from grains of sand which have been cemented over a period of time.

27
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock without layering

28
Q

Shale

A

A fine-grained rock formed in layers by clay making it stronger.

29
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rocks containing various particle sizes cemented together.

30
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms

31
Q

Coal

A

A mineral formed from the remains of dead plants and animals

32
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary deposits formed when a salt lake or a sea bed has dried up.

33
Q

Metamorphism

A

The process which changes rocks by high pressure or temperatures.

34
Q

Slate

A

A fine grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of heat and pressure on shale.

35
Q

Gneiss

A

A metamorphic rock formed as a result of high pressure on granite.

36
Q

Mineral Ores

A

Minerals containing metals of value

37
Q

Mining

A

The extraction of natural resources from the earth

38
Q

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

A

The study of the effects of a planned project on the environment.

39
Q

Rehabilitated

A

When something has been restored to its original condition

40
Q

Overburden

A

The waste rock beneath topsoil

41
Q

Open-cut mining

A

A method of mining to dig out minerals and rocks from the surface

42
Q

Underground Mining

A

A method of mining using shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface.

43
Q

Stone Age

A

A period beginning 200 million years ago where people using rock to create weapons/ tools

44
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of a metal with another metal or a non metal

45
Q

Flint

A

A fine grained sedimentary rock

46
Q

Percussion Flaking

A

A process using bigger rocks to break rocks to make create flakes which can be used for smaller tools

47
Q

Clastic

A

Little rocks which are cemented together

Year 8 Science (6 decks)

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