Chapter 9: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
atria
A
receiving rooms of the heart
2
Q
ventricles
A
sending rooms of the heart
3
Q
left side of the heart
A
handles oxygen-rich blood
4
Q
right side of the heart
A
handles oxygen-poor blood
5
Q
septum
A
thick wall of muscle that divides the left and right sides of the heart
6
Q
mitral valve
A
valve that connects the left atrium and ventricle
7
Q
aortic valve
A
valve that connects the left ventricle to the aorta
8
Q
valvul/o
A
valve
9
Q
tricuspid valve
A
valve that connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
10
Q
arteries
A
outgoing blood vessels
11
Q
right ventricle
A
sends blood to the lungs to get fresh oxygen and discard excess carbon dioxide
12
Q
left ventricle
A
sends fresh blood out from the heart to the rest of the body to provide oxygen and collect carbon dioxide waste
13
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
14
Q
sept/o
A
septum
15
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventricle
16
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
17
Q
coron/o
A
heart
18
Q
aorta
A
main outgoing vessel
19
Q
capillaries
A
tiny vessels through which oxygen and other nutrients pass to the tissues that need them (which then give back their waste)
20
Q
superior vena cava
A
upper main vein that returns blood to the right atrium
21
Q
inferior vena cava
A
lower main vein that returns blood to the right atrium
22
Q
right atrium
A
receives oxygen-poor blood from the body
23
Q
pulmonary artery
A
carries blood to the lungs to obtain oxygen and discard carbon dioxide
24
Q
pulmonary vein
A
dumps oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium
25
left atrium
receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary vein
26
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
27
aort/o
aorta
28
arteri/o
artery
29
ather/o
fatty plaque
30
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
31
angina pectoris
oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular flood flow to the heart
32
arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
33
dysrhythmia
irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common)
34
palpitation
rapid or irregular beating of the heart
35
pectoralgia
chest pain
36
aortalgia
pain in the aorta
37
diaphoresis
profuse sweating (common symptom of a heart attack)
38
hemorrhage
loss of blood
39
phlebalgia
pain in a vein
40
cyanosis
bluish appearance of blood in patients with very poor circulation or low oxygen in their blood; seen in emergency situations
41
pulse
throbbing felt when placing a finger over certain blood vessels
42
hypotension
low blood pressure
43
systole
arterial pressure; the first number of a blood pressure reading
44
diastole
pressure on vessels when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood; second number of a blood pressure reading
45
hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressure
46
S1
the first heart sound, due to the closing of the valves between the atria and ventricles; marks the beginning of heart contraction (systole)
47
S2
the second heart sound, due to the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves
48
stress electrocardiogram
observed the patient's heart while they exercise
49
ultrasound
ultrahigh sound frequencies; used in an echocardiogram
50
regugitation
blood flowing through the valves in the wrong direction
51
ectasia
dilation of a vessel
52
endocardium
tissue lining the inside of the heart
53
epicardium
tissue lining the outside of the heart
54
myocardium
heart muscle tissue
55
pericardium
tissue around the heart
56
vena cava
large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart
57
bradycardia
slow heartbeat
58
cardiomegaly
enlarged heart
59
murmur
abnormal heart sound
60
tachycardia
rapid heartbeat
61
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aorta
62
arteriorrhexis
rupture of an artery
63
arteriosclerosis
hardening of an artery
64
atherosclerosis
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque
65
embolus
mass of matter present in the blood
66
embolism
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
67
ischemia
blockage of blood flow to an organ
68
occlusion
closing or blockage of a passage
69
thrombus
blood clot
70
varicose veins
enlarged, dilated veins toward the surface of the skin
71
cardiac catheterization
process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart
72
echocardiogram (ECHO)
image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart
73
echocardiography
use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart
74
electrocardiogram (EKG)
record of the electrical currents of the heart
75
electrocardiography
procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart
76
transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus
77
angiogram
record of the blood vessels
78
angiography
procedure to describe the blood vessels
79
arteriogram
record of an artery
80
venogram
record of a vein
81
blood pressure (BP)
the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
82
cardiologist
heart specialist
83
cardiology
branch of medicine dealing with the heart
84
cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
85
ventricular fibrillation
medical emergency when the main squeezing muscle fibers of the heart do not coordinate
86
dilated
muscle that is too floppy
87
restrictive
muscle that is too tight
88
congestive
muscle that is too weak
89
hypertrophic
muscle that is too thick; can cause sudden death while a person is playing sports
90
pericardial effusion
collection of fluid around the heart, making it more difficult for it to work; caused by pericarditis
91
cholesterol
floating fat in the blood that can accumulate and harden in the arteries of the heart (atherosclerosis)
92
vasculitis
inflammation of several blood vessels
93
atrial septal defect (ASD)
flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart
94
cardiac arrest
cessation of functional circulation
95
cardiomyophathy
disease of the heart muscle
96
congenital heart defect
flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth
97
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)
98
endocarditis
inflammation of the tissue lining inside of the heart
99
myocardial infarction (MI)
death of heart muscle tissue (heart attack)
100
myocardial ischemia
blockage of blood to the heart muscle
101
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
102
pericarditis
inflammation of the tissue around the heart
103
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart
104
aneurysm
bulge in a blood vessel
105
angioma
blood vessel tumor
106
arteriopathy
disease of the arteries
107
arteritis
inflammation of the arteries
108
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
109
phlebitis
inflammation of the veins
110
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of vein caused by a clot
111
cardiothoracic surgery
cutting open the patient's chest for direct access to the heart
112
anastomosis
making an alternate blood vessel route for congenital heart defects
113
balloon angioplasty
inflation of a blood inside of a coronary artery in order to crush buildup
114
antianginal
drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris
115
antiarrhythmic
drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat
116
anticoagulant
drug that opposes the coagulation of blood
117
antihypertensive
drug that opposes high blood pressure
118
thrombolytic
drug that breaks down clots
119
vasoconstrictor
drug that constricts or narrows the diameters of a blood vessel
120
vasodilator
drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel
121
vasopressor
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
122
cardiopulmonary bypass
procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient's blood during the portion of heart surgery in which the heart is stopped
123
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
basic life support; down not actually resuscitate an unconscious but keeps blood circulating until further steps can be taken
124
cardioversion
returning a heart to normal rhythm
125
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
126
coronary artery bypass surgery
surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
127
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient's blood vessels into the heart
128
valvotomy
incision into a heart valve
129
valvuloplasty
surgical reconstruction of a heart valve
130
angioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a vessel
131
angiorrhaphy
suture of a vessel
132
aortorrhaphy
suture of the aorta
133
arteriorrhaphy
suture of an artery
134
atherectomy
surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery
135
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the inside of an artery
136
phlebectomy
surgical removal of a vein
137
A-fib
atrial fibrillation
138
CAD
coronary artery disease
139
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
140
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
141
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
142
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest
143
SV
stroke volume
