Chapter 9 - The Jeffersonian Era

Question 1

Date of Thomas Jefferson’s Inauguration

Answer 1

March 4, 1801

Question 2

Jeffersonian Republicanism

Answer 2

(1801 - 1825)

Federalist a party of finance, the great defenders of the merchant class. Jefferson’s Republican Party concerned itself with the interests of farmers.

Question 3

Twelfth Amendment

Answer 3

Enabled electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president.

Question 4

Chesapeake Affair

Answer 4

On June 1807, the American frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the British warship Leapard. Americans immediately called for retaliation. Jefferson ordered all British ships out of American waters, and pushed through Congress the Embargo Act, which forbade trade with Britain or France, with which Britain was at war.

Question 5

John Marshall

Answer 5

Leader of Supreme Court and first great Chief Justice.

Question 6

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 6

Involved Judiciary Act of 1801. James Madison refused to deliver Marbury’s commission, meaning that Marbury could not take office. Marbury asked the Supreme Court to issue an order forcing Madison to deliver the commission. Marshall knew that he had no means of forcing Madison to obey. Marshall handed down a ruling that preserved the authority of the Court without giving the Republicans an opportunity to defy the court. Was not granted by Constitution. Judicial review – right of the Court to declare a law as unconstitutional.

Question 7

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 7

Handed down in 1824, the ruling protected federal government’s delegated powers, those powers specifically given to the national government by the Constitution.

Question 8

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 8

In 1819, enable government to carry out its delegates powers called implied powers.

Question 9

Barbary Pirates

Answer 9

Raided Mediterranean shipping and occasionally ventured out into the Atlantic. They captured unarmed merchant ships, enslaved crews, and demanded ransom from their owners. Lieutenant Presley O’Bannon first to plant an American flag on foreign soil.

Question 10

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 10

Sold US Louisiana territory in Louisiana Purchase for 15m. Napoleon was preparing to go to war with Great Britain.

Question 11

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

Answer 11

Explored Louisiana Territory. At about the same time, Zebulon Pike directed two other important expeditions. The first (1805) went northward to upper reaches of Mississippi River. The second (1806 and 1807), crossed the Great Plains to the Colorado Rockies, where Pike discovered Pikes Peak.

Question 12

“Mad Anthony” Wayne

Answer 12

Revolutionary war hero who crushed the Indians in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. In the Treaty of Fort Greenville, the Indians surrendered all rights to the southern half of Ohio.

Question 13

William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh

Answer 13

Two most important veterans of Fallen Timbers from opposite sides.

Question 14

The Prophet

Answer 14

Tecumseh’s brother who claimed in 1805 to have received a revelation from the “Master of Life.” He taught that Indians must reject the white man’s ways, treat each other fairly and draw together against the whites, who were the offspring of an evil god.

Question 15

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 15

Harrison’s forces drove off the Indians but suffered heavy losses. The Indians abandoned Prophetstown and Harrison destroyed it.

Question 16

James Madison

Answer 16

In 1808, Thomas Jefferson refused to run for a third term, but convinced Republicans to nominate the Secretary of State, James Madison, as his successor.

Question 17

Impressment

Answer 17

Britain claimed the right to stop American ships, forcibly remove British deserters, and put them back into service.

Question 18

Non-Intercourse Act

Answer 18

Restored international trade (although not with Britain or France), but more importantly offered to restore trade with either nation if either would restore restrictions. Didn’t succeed. Later replaced with Macon’s Bill Number Two, which restored trade and offered to trade with one or the other nation at war and refuse to trade with the other.

Question 19

War Hawks

Answer 19

Intensely nationalistic, pro-war representatives elected to the White House. Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. Believed the British were supporting or equipping Indians.

Question 20

U.S.S. Constitution

Answer 20

In battles with Guerriere and Java, shattered with broadsides attacks. Nicknamed “Old Ironsides.”

Question 21

Oliver Hazard Perry

Answer 21

Rose to the challenge to control Lake Erie. Perry defeated the British fleet I the Battle of Lake Erie (September 10, 1813).

Question 22

Battle of the Thames

Answer 22

October 5, 1813. Harrison routed the British-Indian force. Tecumseh was killed in the battle, and with him died the dream of an Indian confederation.

Question 23

Battle of Bladensburg

Answer 23

British scattered a large force large force of American militia and cleared a path to the American Capitol. British soldiers set fire to the Capitol.

Question 24

Fort McHenry

Answer 24

The British fleet tried vainly to bombard the fort into submission. After three days of fighting, in which the British commanding general was killed, the British abandoned the task.

Question 25

Andrew Jackson

Answer 25

“Old Hickory” was not a brilliant strategist, but he was a firm leader, and won the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), in which he nearly annihilated the Creeks.

Question 26

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 26

Most stunning victory of the War of 1812, but was fought after the war was over. The Treaty of Ghent (signed December 24, 1814), climaxing four months of negotiations, had ended hostilities some two weeks earlier.

Question 27

James Monroe

Answer 27

Secretary of State elected to succeed James Madison. Monroe maintained the dominance of the Jeffersonian philosophy into the 1820s.

Question 28

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 28

Presidents’ popularity, glow of post-war triumph, collapse of political oppression to the Republicans.

Question 29

Hartford Convention

Answer 29

Opposed the war and hinted that New England might secede from the Union is its demands were not met. Since the Treaty of Ghent and the Battle of New Orleans soon followed the Hartford Convention, much of the reason for the Federalist’s existence was removed, and the party died in a few years.

Question 30

Rush-Bagot Treaty

Answer 30

(1817) Disarmament of the Great Lakes.

Question 31

John Quincy Adams

Answer 31

Secretary of State who decided to make a hard line with the Spanish government.

Question 32

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 32

US took possession of Florida in 1821 for a cost of $5 million.

Question 33

Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin

Answer 33

Most of Latin America broke from its European overlords and founded independent republics.

Question 34

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 34

European nations could not intervene in the Western Hemisphere (except where they already held colonies), and the United States would not meddle in European affairs.

Question 35

“Mad Anthony” Wayne

Answer 35

Revolutionary war hero who crushed the Indians in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. In the Treaty of Fort Greenville, the Indians surrendered all rights to the southern half of Ohio.

Question 36

William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh

Answer 36

Two most important veterans of Fallen Timbers from opposite sides.

Question 37

The Prophet

Answer 37

Tecumseh’s brother who claimed in 1805 to have received a revelation from the “Master of Life.” He taught that Indians must reject the white man’s ways, treat each other fairly and draw together against the whites, who were the offspring of an evil god.

Question 38

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 38

Harrison’s forces drove off the Indians but suffered heavy losses. The Indians abandoned Prophetstown and Harrison destroyed it.