Chapter 9: Transport in animals

Question 1

double circulatory system

Answer 1

system in which blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body

Question 2

single circulatory system

Answer 2

system in which blood passes through the heart only once on one complete circuit onf the body

Question 3

atria

Answer 3

thin walled chambers at the top of the heart that receive the blood

Question 4

ventricles

Answer 4

the thick-walled chambers at the base of the heart, which pump out blood

Question 5

septum

Answer 5

the structue that seperates the left and right side of the heart as well as the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 6

pulmonary veins

Answer 6

the veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium (of the heart)

Question 7

pulmonary artery

Answer 7

the artery that carries the deoxiginated bloodmfrom the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 8

atrioventricular valves

Answer 8

a valve between an atrium abd a ventricle in the heart which allows blood to flow through from the atrium to the ventricle but not in the opposite direction

Question 9

semilunar valves

Answer 9

valves close to the entrances to the aorta and pulmonary artery, which prevents the blood from flowing backwards

Question 10

coronary arteries

Answer 10

vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Question 11

coronary heart disease

Answer 11

disease caused by the blockage of the coronary arteries

Question 12

Artery

Answer 12

thick-walled vessel that takes th e blood away from the heart

Question 13

capillary

Answer 13

a tiny vessel (only once cell thick) that takes blood to body cells

Question 14

vein

Answer 14

thin-walled vessel that takes low-pressure blood back to the heart

Question 15

hepatic artery

Answer 15

blood vessel that supplies the liver with oxygenated blood

Question 16

hepatic vein

Answer 16

the blood vessels that carry blood away from the liver

Question 17

plasma

Answer 17

liquid part of blood

Question 18

red blood cells

Answer 18

biconcave blood cells with no nucleas to transport oxygen

Question 19

white blood cells

Answer 19

blood cells with nucleas which help defend against pathogens

Question 20

platelets

Answer 20

tiny cell fragments present in blood that help with clotting

Question 21

haemoglobin

Answer 21

red pigment found within the red blood cells which combine reversibly with oxygen (is protein)

Question 22

phagocytosis

Answer 22

taking bacteria into cell’s cyptoplasm and digesting them with enzymes

Question 23

phagocytes

Answer 23

white blood cells that destroy pathogens by phagocytosis

Question 24

lymphocytes

Answer 24

white blood cells that secrete antibodies

Question 25

fibrinogen

Answer 25

soluble protein present in blood plasma that changes into fibrin

Question 26

fibrin

Answer 26

insoluble proteinf that is formed from fibrinogen when a blood vessel is damaged