Chapter 9 vocab

Question 1

Spearman’s theory that all mental abilities reflect a single underlying capacity

Answer 1

General intelligence (g)

Question 2

Spearman’s theory of performance factors only involved in each particular task

Answer 2

Specific intelligences (s)

Question 3

Thurstone’s theory of a set of seven different factors related to intelligence

Answer 3

Primary mental abilities

Question 4

The ability to figure out relationships between new concepts within a given task

Answer 4

Fluid intelligence

Question 5

The ability to draw upon previously learned knowledge and skills

Answer 5

Crystalized intelligence

Question 6

A measure intended to identify the relative mental ability of individuals

Answer 6

Intelligence test

Question 7

Sternberg’s theory positing three underlying aspects of cognition: analytic, creative, and practical

Answer 7

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 8

Sternberg’s theory posited the ability to break problems down into component parts for analysis

Answer 8

Analytic intelligence

Question 9

Sternberg’s theory suggests an underlying component of applying mental abilities to your experience in novel and helpful ways

Answer 9

Creative intelligence

Question 10

Sternberg’s theory proposed the ability to assess a situation and do what it is necessary to be successful

Answer 10

Practical intelligence

Question 11

Gardner’s theory proposed seven separate types of cognitive abilities operating independently

Answer 11

Multiple intelligence

Question 12

The ability to perceive, understand, integrate, and regulate emotions to be self-motivated and socially skilled

Answer 12

Emotional intelligence

Question 13

Protocol for testing that follows the same steps for all test takers

Answer 13

Standardized procedure

Question 14

Comparison of many individuals on the same test so that relative performance can be determined

Answer 14

Norm

Question 15

The average level of intellectual development for a child of a particular age

Answer 15

Mental age

Question 16

A test designed to measure a particular skill from low to high

Answer 16

Scale

Question 17

The ratio of a child’s “mental age” score on the Stanford Binet test divided by his or her chronological age

Answer 17

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 18

An intelligence test written for adults and widely used in group assessment

Answer 18

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 19

A measure of the ability to benefit from further training

Answer 19

Aptitude test

Question 20

A test meant to assess your ability to benefit from further training or education, but are also affected by past achievements in school (e.g., ACT)

Answer 20

Group aptitude test

Question 21

A measure of what is already known or learned, as the outcome of education

Answer 21

Achievement test

Question 22

The amount of information you can retain for a short period and report back correctly

Answer 22

Working memory capacity

Question 23

Conversion of scores from the number of correct answers to a relative performance score compared to others on the same test

Answer 23

Standardization

Question 24

Consistency in measurement

Answer 24

Reliability

Question 25

The likelihood of receiving a similar score when a test is repeated

Answer 25

Test-retest reliability

Question 26

Performance on one-half of the test is compared against performance on the other half

Answer 26

Split-half reliability

Question 27

The ability of a measure to capture what was intended

Answer 27

Validity

Question 28

Refers to the surface appearance of the items on the test and whether they reflect the concept of interest (also called face validity)

Answer 28

Content validity

Question 29

The ability of a test to identify those who will have high scores on other measures

Answer 29

Predictive validity

Question 30

A limitation in intellectual functioning indicated by an intelligence test score of less than 70 along with problems in adaptive behavior

Answer 30

Intellectual disability

Question 31

Cognitive, social, and practical skills used to assess intellectual disability in low scoring individuals

Answer 31

Adaptive behavior

Question 32

An extra chromosome causes physical characteristics like poor muscle tone and slanting eyes, and moderate to severe intellectual disability

Answer 32

Down syndrome

Question 33

Individuals who are average (or even deficient) in most areas of cognitive functioning but display an extraordinary talent in one area

Answer 33

Savant syndrome

Question 34

A child with a special skill or talent far exceeding the norm for his or her age

Answer 34

Prodigy

Question 35

A determination made by some schools and educational programs based on an intelligence test score of more than 130

Answer 35

Gifted

Question 36

A version of the intelligence test devised by Louis Terman and tested on many American schoolchildren

Answer 36

Stanford-Binet Scale

Question 37

A noted, exceptional individual whose accomplishments outlive them

Answer 37

Genius

Question 38

Differences on average test scores between groups associated by racial or ethnic definitions

Answer 38

Racial gap

Question 39

A factor in the social, cultural, physical, or family setting that may influence an individual

Answer 39

Environmental influence

Question 40

A scientist who studies the principles of psychological measurement

Answer 40

Psychometrician

Question 41

Performance decrements caused by knowledge of cultural stereotypes

Answer 41

Stereotype threat

Question 42

The proportion of variance (differences between individuals) in an observable trait that is due to genetic factors

Answer 42

Heritability

Question 43

Examining the heritability of traits by comparing identical twins (who share all of their genes) to fraternal twins (who share 50% of their genes)

Answer 43

Twin study

Question 44

The increase in intelligence test scores have (about three points per decade, across the globe) over generations taking the tests

Answer 44

Flynn effect