Chapter 9 Vocab Flashcards
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Agribusiness
agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology
Agricultural Revolutions (1)
the prehistoric transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture
Agricultural Revolutions (2)
shift from subsistence farming to a more commercialized system
Agricultural Revolutions (3)
high-yielding crop varieties, advanced agricultural practices, and modern technologies to increase food production, particularly in developing countries.
Commodity Chains
gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally, distribute them to consumers
Crop rotation
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.
Dairy Farming v. Ranching
raising livestock, primarily cows, to produce milk and dairy products, , typically cattle or sheep, are raised on large tracts of land, often in drier areas, for meat, dairy, or other products.
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, also known as bioengineered foods.
Desertification
fertile land becomes desert,
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
farmers maximize food production on small plots of land using intensive labor and traditional techniques,
Milkshed
A region furnishing milk toa certain region
Pastoral Nomadism
a way of life where people move with their livestock (like cattle, sheep, camels) in search of fresh pastures and water
Plantation
A single crop is grown.
Shifting Cultivation
cleared for short-term cultivation, then abandoned to allow natural vegetation to regenerate and restore soil fertility, before being cleared again for crops at a later time
Terraced Farming
a method of cultivating crops on steep slopes by creating flat, level areas (terraces) to maximize arable land and control soil erosion and water flow
Township and Range System (PLSS)
a square division of land, typically 6 miles on a side
Transhumance
the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.
Truck farming
rowing produce on a large scale, primarily for shipment to distant markets, often in urban areas.
