Chapter 9_Grammar Flashcards
What is a partitive Genitive?
Expresses a part of a larger whole
“a slice of pizza”; a slice is part of a larger whole pizza
What is a ordinal number?
A number that indicates position: first, second, third, etc.
What is a cardinal number?
real numbers: one, two, three, four, etc.
Can partitive Genitives be used with ordinal and cardinal numbers?
- Not cardinal (there is only one cardinal number that can take a partitive genitive)
- Yes Ordinals (“the first of many”; prīmus multōrum)
What is the one cardinal number that can have a partitive genitive?
- The plural of mīlle (“thousand”), which is mīlia (thousands”)
Example:
How does Latin indicate the partitive idea with cardinal numbers, generally?
- With the preposition ē/ex + ablative
Example: “ten of the men”; decem ē virīs
How will the adjectives multus, -a, -um and paucī, -a, -um express the partitive idea?
- By using their plural form (case will be determined by the word’s use in the sentence)
- And ē/ex
Example: “We saw many of the oxen.”; Multōs ē bovibus vīdimus
Translate the following sentence:
duo mīlia ē virīs
two thousand of the men
Note: mīlle in the plural declines like a third declension neuter I-stem
Translate the following sentence:
mīlle virī
a thousand men
Note: mīlle in the singular is an indeclinable adjective
Translate the following sentence:
mīlia virōrum
thousands of men
How does Latin indicate what something is worth?
By using the Ablative of price
How will you translate the ablative of price
With the key word ‘for’
Example: I bought this dress for $30.
Tranlate the following sentence:
Abricola bovēs pecūnia vēndit
The farmer sells his oxen for money.
What are the two cases that Latin uses to express time?
Ablative and Accusative
What is/are the time expressions that are used with the Ablative?
- Ablative of time when
2. Ablative of time within which
What key words should be used with the “Ablative of time when”?
“on” “at” “in”
Translate the following two phrases:
tertiā nocte
eō tempore
“on the third night,”
“at that time”
What key words should be used with the “Ablative of time within which”?
“within” “in” “during”
(Note: the ablative of time does not require a preposition. The Latin preposition “in” does sometimes appear for emphasis for the ablative of time within which)
Translate the following two phrases:
tribus annīs
quarto annō rēgnī
“within three years”
“during the fourth year of his reign”
What key words should be used with the “Accusative of duration of time”?
“for”
this tells you how long
Translate the following three phrases:
trēs annōs
multōs mēnsēs
per multōs mēnsēs
“for three years”
“for many years”
“for many years”
(Note: sometimes the preposition “per” precedes the accusative of time for added emphasis)
What is the accusative of space and degree?
shows the quantity or measurement
Translate the following sentence:
Puerī tria mīlia passuum altum
“The boys walk three miles.”
Translate the following sentence:
Tē amō tantum
“I love you so much.”
