chapter eight

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

effort, beginning in Britain in he late 17p0s, to increase production by using machines powered by sources other than humans or animals

Question 2

interchangeable parts

Answer 2

a system of manufacturing in which all parts are made to an exact standard for mass-assembly

Question 3

cotton gin

Answer 3

machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fiber

Question 4

patent

Answer 4

a license that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time

Question 5

Market Revolution

Answer 5

shift from a home-based, often agricultural, economy to one based on money and the buying and selling of goods

Question 6

Manufacturing

Answer 6

making goods by machinery

Question 7

centralized

Answer 7

concentrated in one place

Question 8

free enterprise system

Answer 8

economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods

Question 9

specialization

Answer 9

in production, a system in which each worker preforms a single part of an entire process

Question 10

investment capital

Answer 10

money that a business spends in hope of future gain

Question 11

tenement

Answer 11

a low cost apartment building that often has poor standards of sanitation, safety and comfort and is designed to house as many families as possible

Question 12

strike

Answer 12

a work stoppage intended to force an employer to meet certain de,ands, as in the demand for higher wages

Question 13

labor union

Answer 13

organization of workers formed to protect the interest of its members

Question 14

bank note

Answer 14

piece of paper that a bank issues to its customers that can be exchanged for gold of silver coins

Question 15

section

Answer 15

a geographic region

Question 16

rural

Answer 16

pertaining to the countryside

Question 17

urban

Answer 17

relating to a city

Question 18

industrialization

Answer 18

the growth of an industry

Question 19

cotton belt

Answer 19

common 1850s nickname for the band of states from South Carolina to Texas whose economies relied almost completely on cotton production

Question 20

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 20

declaration by President Monroe in 1823 that the United States would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the western hemisphere

Question 21

American system

Answer 21

a combination of government backed economic development and protective tarrifs aimed at encouraging business growth

Question 22

patronage

Answer 22

practice of hiring political supporters for government jobs

Question 23

spoils system

Answer 23

system or practice of giving appointed offices as rewards from the successful party in an election; name for the patronage system under president Jackson

Question 24

nullify

Answer 24

to reject as in when a state judges a federal law to be unconstitutional

Question 25

states’ rights

Answer 25

the powers that the Constitution neither gives to the federal government nor denies to the states

Question 26

secede

Answer 26

to withdraw formally from a membership in a group or organization

Question 27

Indian Removal Act

Answer 27

1830 law calling for the president to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchase in exchange for land taken form them on the East

Question 28

Trail of Tears

Answer 28

the forced movement of Cherokees in 1838 to land west of the Mississippi River

Question 29

Black Hawk War

Answer 29

uprising led by a warrior named Black Hawk in which Native Americans tried to reclaim their land in the Illinois Territory