Chapter Eleven: Orthoses for Osteoporosis Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is osteoporosis?
A disorder in which mineralized bone density is below normal, resulting in a bone structure that is vulnerable to fractures.
What is a compromised bone due to osteoporosis characterized by?
A reduction in bone mass that is related to an imbalance in bone formation and resorption.
What is the most common of the metabolic bone diseases?
Osteoporosis
What does osteopenia mean?
Too little bone
A decrease in bone mass normally begins when?
In a person’s early thirties and continues throughout their life
What are the different types of osteoporosis?
Type I
Type II
What is type I osteoporosis?
It affects women and is associated with estrogen deficiency occurring 5 to 10 years after menopause
What is primarily affected in Type I osteoporosis?
Trabecular osteogenesis which results in a diminished capacity to support compressive loads.
Where are the sites that are at greater risk in Type I osteoporosis?
Vertebral bodies,
Distal radius
Hips
What is Type II osteoporosis?
Affects both males and females
it is due to calcium deficiency and is associated with aging.
What are primarily affected in Type II osteoporosis?
Trabecular and cortical bone are affected
Cortical bone provides support, especially for bending and torsional loads.
What sites of the body are at greater risk with Type II osteoporosis?
Femoral neck Proximal tibia Humerus Pelvis Vertebral bodies
What is a common posutral deformity secondary to Vertebral Compression Fractures?
Hyperkyphosis
Hyperkyphosis can lead to what?
Ligamentous stretching Diminished functional vital capacity Inferior costal margin Pelvic rim contact Discomfort Chronic low back pain Abdominal crowding Depression Muscle imbalance Painful chronic intravertebral pseudarthrosis
What is sarcopenia?
Involutional muscle loss
The severity of the Vertebral compression fracture can lead to what?
Diminished function,
Decreased mobility
Physical deconditioning
Consequently accelerated bone loss
What are the clinical signs of Vertebral compression fracture?
Sudden onset of back pain Loss of height Spinal deformity Protuberant abdomen Diminished vital capacity Lung capacity is reduced
What are the drug therapies for osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates to decrease bone resorption,
Estrogen/hormone replacement to counteract the postmenopausal increased rate of bone loss, and
Calcitonin to reduce osteoclastic bone resorption.
What are the nonpharmacologic treatments of osteoporosis?
Exercise
Physical management of pain
Orthotic treatment
Gait training
What are some drug therapies that can increase bone mass?
Sodium fluoride Anabolic steroids Testosterone Parathyroid hormone They may have side effects
What is a surgical treatment of vertebral compression fractures?
Augmentation of VCF with bone cement
It includes vertebroplasty: in which bone cement is percutaneously injected into the fractured vertebral body to stabilize it
And Kyphoplasty: in which bone cement is injected after percutaneous reduction of the vertebral body deformity using inflatable bone tamps.
What orthosis is usually not an option for vertebral compression fractures? Why?
Total contact TLSO
Because there may be large spinal deformities which can have an uncomfortable fit over bony prominences or restriction of pulmonary capacity.
What does PTS stand for?
Posture training support
What is a PTS?
A weighted kypho-orthosis provides a weight suspended just inferior to the scapulae.
