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NASM CPT > Chapter Five - Human Movement Science > Flashcards

Chapter Five - Human Movement Science Flashcards

1
Q

BioMechanics

A

The Science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effect produced by these forces.

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2
Q

Superior

A

Positioned above a point of reference.

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3
Q

Inferior

A

Positioned below a point of reference.

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4
Q

Proximal

A

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or a point of reference.

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5
Q

Distal

A

Positioned farthest from the center of the body or a point of reference.

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6
Q

Anterior

A

On the front of the body.

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7
Q

Posterior

A

On the back of the body.

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8
Q

Medial

A

Positioned near the middle of the body.

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9
Q

Lateral

A

Positioned toward the outside of the body.

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10
Q

Contralateral

A

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

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11
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Positioned on the same side of the body.

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12
Q

Anatomic Position

A

The position with the body erect, arms at the sides, palms facing forward. The base for all anatomic terminology.

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13
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

And imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves. Movements occurring in the sagittal plan include flexion and extension.

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14
Q

Flexion

A

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

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15
Q

Extension

A

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

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16
Q

Hyper Extension

A

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

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17
Q

Frontal Plane

A

And imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. Movements occurring in the frontal plane include Abduction and Adduction.

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18
Q

Abduction

A

A movement in the frontal plane, away from the midline of the body.

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19
Q

Adduction

A

A movement in the frontal plane, toward the midline of the body.

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20
Q

Transverse Plane

A

And imaginary bisector that divides the body into upper and lower halves. Movement occurring in the transverse plane includes Internal/External Rotation and Horizontal Abduction/Adduction.

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21
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Rotation for a joint toward the midline of the body. Occurs in the transverse plane.

22
Q

External Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint away from the midline of the body. Occurs in transverse plane.

23
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh, from and anterior position, to a lateral position. Transverse plane.

24
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh from a lateral position to an anterior position. Transverse plane.

25
Q

Scapular Retraction

A

Adduction of the scapulae shoulder blades. Shoulder blade move toward the midline of the body.

26
Q

Scapular Protraction

A

Abduction of the scapulae. Shoulder blades move away from the midline of the body.

27
Q

Scapular Depession

A

Downward (inferior) movemen of the scapulae,(shoulder blades).

28
Q

Scapular Elevation

A

Upward, (superior) movement of the scapulae.

29
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

When muscle develops tension while lengthening. Resistive force is great than the muscular force.

30
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

When a muscle is exerting force great than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

31
Q

I

A
32
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it. Results in no visible change in muscle length

33
Q

Isokinetic Muscle Action

A

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the ful range of motion.

34
Q

Force

A

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

35
Q

Length Tension Relationship

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at resting length.

36
Q

Force-Couple

A

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

37
Q

Rotary Motion

A

Movement of the bones around the joints

38
Q

Torque

A

A force that produces rotation. Common unit is the Newton-Meter.

39
Q

Motor behavior

A

Motor response to internal and external Stimuli

40
Q

Motor Control

A

How the Central Nervous System (CNS) integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

41
Q

Motor Learning

A

Integration for motor control processes, through practive and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movments.

42
Q

Motor Development

A

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

43
Q

Muscle Synergies

A

Groups of muscle recruited by the CNS to produce movement.

44
Q

Proprioception

A

Cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors that sense limb position and limb movment.

45
Q

Sensorimotor Integration

A

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

46
Q

Feedback

A

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning.

47
Q

Internal Feedback

A

The process in which sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

48
Q

External Feedback

A

Information provided by some external force, the supplemental feedback from the internal environment. Fitness professional, video, mirror, heart rate monitor…etc.

49
Q

First Class Lever

A

Have the fulcrum in the middle, wih the effort on either side, like a see-saw. Nodding the head.

50
Q

Second Class Lever

A

Have the resistance in the middle with the fulcrum and the effort on either side. Similiar to a wheelbarrow. Example would be a calf raise

51
Q

Third Class Lever

A

Have effort in the middle, with the fulcrum and resistance on either side. Most segements of the body act as third class levers.

52
Q
A

NASM CPT (6 decks)

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