Chapter Four Flashcards
(26 cards)
3 Stages of Labor
Stage 1: Dilation and Effacement of the Cervix / Transition
Stage 2: Pushing / Birth of the Baby
Stage 3: Delivery of the Placenta
APGAR
Appearance Pulse Grim-mace Activity Respiration (scale 7 or better is good condition)
Placentia Previa
A problem where the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb and covers all or part of the opening in the cervix
LBW (low birth rate) Risks
Brain structural abnormalities, frequent illness, inattention, overreaction, sensory impairments, poor motor coordination, language delays, low intelligence test scores, deficits in school learning, and emotional and behavior problems.
Prematurity risks
at risk for unfavorable outcomes
dependent on parent-child relationship in order to increase health
Small for date risks
babies who are below their expected weight considering the length of their pregnancy
During the first year, they are more likely to die, catch infections, and who evidence of brain damage. By middle school they are smaller in stature, lower intelligence scores, are less attentive, achieve more poorly in school, and are socially immature.
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
SiDs is the leading cause of infant morality between 1 week and 12 months in industrialized nations. Its occurrence tends to peak between 2 and 4 months of age.
Ways to reduce SIDS
Quit smoking and taking drugs
Put babies to sleep on their backs
Remove bedclothes
Pacifiers are another protective measure
Preterm Interventions
Isolette Respirator Feeing Tube Intravenous medication Special infant stimulation Kangaroo skin-to-skin contact Parent training in caregiving
Newborn reflexes
is an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation
- Eye Blink -Withdrawal -Rooting -Sucking -Swimming -Moro -Palmar grasp -Tonic Neck -Stepping -Babinski
Stages of Arousal
Regular Irregular Drowsiness Quiet Alertness Waking activity or crying
Cesarean Birth
Also known as c-section, means that your baby is delivered through incisions in the abdominal wall and uterus
Breech position
when the baby does not naturally turn head-down late in the pregnancy.
Frank Breech- butt first, feet near head
Complete Breech - butt first, feet near the butt
Footling Breech - one leg or both legs are stretched out
Premature separation of placenta
Tobacco and cocaine
Kangaroo Care
practice on newborn, usually preterm, where the infant is held, skin-to-skin with an adult.
Induced labor
Induced labor is the artificial start of the birth process through medical interventions or other methods.
22% of births are induced
Ways to soothe a crying baby
hold on shoulder and rock or walk swaddle pacifier soothing sounds ride in carriage, car, swing massage combine methods let cry for short time
newborn sense of touch
reflexive response to touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals
newborn senses of taste and smell
prefer sweet tastes at birth
quickly learn to like new tastes
have odor preferences from birth
can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth
newborn sense of hearing
can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth
prefer complex sounds to pure tones
learn sound patterns within days
sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language
newborn sense of vision
least developed senses at birth
unable to see long distances, focus clearly
scan environment and try to track interesting objects
color vision improves in first two months
Neonatal behavioral assessment scale
evaluates a baby’s reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, responsiveness to physical and social stimuli
Transition to parenthood
gender roles may become more traditional
sharing caregiving predicts greater happiness and sensitivity to the baby
postponing parenthood until the late twenties or thirties eases transition.
Single mother families
39% of babies in the United States are born to single mothers
most non-marital births are unplanned.
unprepared adolescent teens, low income women in 20s, exception is financially secure women ages 30-45
