Chapter Glosary Flashcards
1
Q
Abductor digiti minimi
A
Muscle that separates the fingers n the toes
2
Q
Abdutor hallucis
A
Muscle that moves the toes n helps maintain balance while walking n standing.
3
Q
Abductors
A
Muscle that draw a body part such as fingers, arm, n toes away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.
4
Q
Adductors.
A
Muscle that draw a body part such as finger arm n toe inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity.
5
Q
Adipose tissue.
A
Technical term for fat; gives a smoothness and contour to the body.
6
Q
Adrenal glands.
A
Glands of the endocrine system that secrete about 30 steroids hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-flight response.
7
Q
Anabolism.
A
Constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller one.
8
Q
Anatomy
A
Study the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized.
9
Q
Angular artery
A
Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
10
Q
Anterior auricular artery.
A
Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
11
Q
Anterior tibial artery.
A
One of the popliteal arteries. That supplies blood to the lower leg, n the muscle and skin on the top of the foot
12
Q
Aorta
A
The largest artery in the body.
13
Q
Arteries.
A
Thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles.
14
Q
Arterioles
A
Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.
15
Q
Atrium.
A
Upper, thin-walled chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. there is a right and left ventricles.
16
Q
Articularis anterior
A
Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward.
17
Q
Articularis posterior.
A
Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward.
18
Q
Articularis superior.
A
Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
19
Q
Auriculotemporal Nerve.
A
Abbreviated ANS; part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscle; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.
20
Q
Axon
A
The extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the body the other neurons, glands, or muscles.
21
Q
Axon terminal.
A
The extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the body to other neurons, glands, or muscle.
22
Q
Belly.
A
Middle part of the muscle.
23
Q
Bicep
A
Muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow.
24
Q
Blood.
A
Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system; to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.
25
Blood vessels.
Tube-like structures that includes arteries, capillaries, venules and veins.
26
Body system.
Also known as systems; groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions. the human body is composed of 11 major systems.
27
Brain.
Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue and controls sensation, muscles, activity of glands, and the power to think, sense and feel.
28
Buccal nerve.
Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.
29
Buccinator muscle.
Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
30
Capillaries.
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the venules. capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.
31
Cardiac muscle.
The involuntary muscle that is the heart. this type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body.
32
Carpus.
Also known as wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.
33
Catabolism.
The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compound within the cells into smaller ones. this process releases energy that has been stored.
34
Cell membrane
Cell part that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
35
Cells.
Basic units of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings.
36
Central nervous system.
Abbreviated CNS; consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
37
Centrioles.
Structures in a cell near the nucleus that move to each side during the mitosis process to help divide the cell.
38
Cervical cutaneous nerve.
Cervical nerve located at the side of the neck; affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.
39
Cervical nerves.
Branches of the seventh cranial nerve; originate at the spinal cord and affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.
40
Cervical vertebrae
The seventh bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.
41
Circulatory system.
Also known as the cardiovascular system or vascular system; body system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
42
Clavicle.
Also known as collarbone; bone that joins the sternum and scapula.
43
Common carotid arteries.
Main arteries that supply blood to the head, face, and neck.
44
Common peroneal nerve.
A division of the sciatic nerve that extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg where it divides into two branches.
45
Connective tissue.
Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and support the various parts of the body. examples are bones, cartilage, ligaments tendons, blood lymph, and fat.
46
Corrugator muscle.
Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
47
Cranium.
An oval, bony case that protects the brain.
48
Cytoplasm.
The protoplasm of a cell; except for the protoplasm in the nucleus, that surrounds the nucleus; the watery fluid that cells need for growth, reproduction, and self-repair.
49
Deep peroneal nerve.
Also known as anterior tibial nerve; extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscle. It supplies impulses to these muscles and also to the muscle and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes.
50
Deltoid.
Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
51
Dendrites.
Tree-like branching of the nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell; carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons.
52
Depressor labii inferioris muscle.
Also known as quadratus labii inferioris muscle; muscle surrounding the lower lip; lowest the lower lip and draws it to one side, as in expressing sarcasm.
53
Diaphragm.
Muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing.
54
Digestive enzymes.
Chemical that change certain types of food into a soluble. (capable of being dissolved) form that can be used by the body.
55
Digestive system.
Also known as gastrointestinal system; body system that is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes; consists of the mouth, stomach intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.
56
Digital nerve.
Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers.
57
Dorsal nerve.
Also known as dorsal cutaneous nerve; a nerve that extends up form the toes and foot, just under the skin, supplying impulses to toes and foot, as well as the muscles and skin of the leg, where it is become the superficial peroneal nerve.
58
Dorsalis pedis artery.
Artery that supplies blood to the foot.
59
Eleventh cranial nerve.
Also known as accessory nerve; a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles.
60
Endocrine glands.
Also known as ductless glands; glands such as the thyroid and pituitary gland that release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.
61
Endocrine system.
Body system consisting of a group of specialize glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.
62
Epicranial aponeurosis.
Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles.
63
Epicranius.
Also known as accipitofrontalis; the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis.
64
Epithelial tissue.
Protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.
65
Ethmoid bone.
Light spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities.
66
Excretory system.
Body system that consists of a group of organs, including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs, that are responsible for purifying the body by eliminating waste matter.
67
Exhalation.
Breathing outward; expelling carbon dioxide (collect from the blood) from the lungs.
68
Exocrine glands
Also known as duct glands; produce a substance that travels through small tube-like ducts; sweat glands and oil glands of the skin belong to this group.
69
Extensor digitorum longus.
Muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes.
70
Extesor hallucis longus.
Muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot.
71
Extensors.
Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line.
72
External carotid artery.
Artery that supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck and sides of the head.
73
External jugular vein.
Vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood to the heart from the head, face and neck.
74
Facial artery.
Also known as external maxillary artery; branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth and nose.
75
Facial skeleton.
Framework of the face composed of 14 bones.
76
Femur.
Heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee.
77
Fibula.
smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. the fibula may be visualized as a bump on the little-toe side of the ankle.
78
Fifth cranial nerve.
Also known as trifacial nerve or trigeminal nerve; the chief sensory nerve of the face that serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing.
79
Flexor digiti minimi.
Muscle that moves the little toe.
80
Flexor digitorum brevis.
Muscle that moves the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing.
81
Flexor.
Extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist.
82
Frontal artery.
Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids.
83
Frontal bone.
bone that forms the forehead.
84
Frontalis.
Front portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
85
Gastrocnemius.
Muscle attached to the lower rear surface of the heel and pulls the foot down.
86
Glands.
Organs that remove and release certain elements from the blood to cover them into new compounds.
87
Greater auricular nerve.
Cervical nerve that is locate at the side of the neck; effects the face, ears, neck, and parotid gland.
88
Greater occipital nerve
Cervical nerve that is located in the back of the head; affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head.
89
Heart.
Muscular, cone-shape organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.
90
Hemoglobin.
Complex iron protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen; gives blood color.
91
Histology.
Also known as microscopic anatomy; the study of tiny structures found in living tissues.
92
Humerus.
Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.
93
Hyoid bone.
U-shape bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.
94
Inferior labial artery.
Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the lower lip.
95
Infraorbital nerve.
Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth.
96
Infratrochlear nerve.
Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the membrane and skin of the nose.
97
Inhalation.
Breathing in through the nose or mouth.
98
Insertion.
the movable part of the muscle that is farthest from the skeleton.
99
Integumentary system.
Body system that consist of skin and is accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails; serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature.
100
Internal carotid artery
Artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear.
101
Internal jugular vein.
Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.
102
Interstitial fluid.
Blood plasma found in the space between tissue cells.
103
Intestines.
Body organ that digests food, along with the stomach.
104
Joint.
Connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.
105
Kidneys.
Body organs that excrete water and waste products.
106
Lacrimal bones.
Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits.
107
Latissimus dorsi.
Large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back.
108
Levator anguli oris muscle.
also known as caninus muscle; muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inwards.
109
Levator labii superioris muscle.
Also known as quadratus labii superioris muscle; muscle surrounding the upper lip; elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.
110
Liver.
Body organ that removes wastes created y digestion.
111
Lungs.
Spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle; organs of respiration.
112
Lymph.
Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces of the body. Helps carry wastes and impurities away from the cells before it is routed back to the circulatory system.
113
Lymph capillaries.
Blind-end tubes that are the origin of lymphatic vessels.
114
Lymph nodes.
Gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels; filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection.
115
Lymphatic\ immune system.
Body system that consist of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels.It carries waste and impurities away from the cells and protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms.
116
Mandible
Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.
117
Mandibular nerve.
Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the muscle of the chin, lower lip and external ear.
118
Marginal mandibular nerve.
Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.
119
Masseter
Muscle that coordinate with the temporalis and pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward; sometimes referred to as chewing muscles.
120
Maxillae
Bones of the upper jaw.
121
Maxillary nerve.
Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies impulses to upper part of the face.
122
Median nerve.
Sensory-motor nerve that is smaller than the ulner and radial nerves that with its branches, supplies the arm and hand.
123
Mental nerve.
Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the skin of the lower lip and chin.
124
Mentalist muscle.
Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
125
Metabolism.
Chemical process that take place in living organism, through which the cells are nourished and carry out their activities; it has two faces anabolism and catabolism.
126
Metacarpus.
Bones of the palm of the hand, parts of the hand containing five bones between the carpus and phalanges.
127
Metatarsal
One of the three subdivision of the foot, long and slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand.
128
Middle temporal artery.
Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the temples.
129
Mitosis.
Usual process of cell reproduction of human tissue that occurs when the cells divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.
130
Mitral valve.
Also known as bicuspid valve. The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.
