Chapter II Atoms, Molecules, & Ions

Question 1

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 1

Mass !get destroyed by chemical reactions

Question 2

Law of definite proportions

Answer 2

Compound have same proportion of element by mass

Question 3

Law of multiple proportions

Answer 3

The ratio of the second element divided by 1g of first element to a small whole num

Question 4

Atomic mass

Answer 4

Average of isotopes, it’s the isotope *percentage in the element + other isotope

Question 5

Avogadro

Answer 5

• Avogadro’s theory(=volume of gas contains same particles at same temp)
• Avogadro’s number 6.02*10^23

Question 6

Joseph-Gay-Lussac

Answer 6

• Key to determine formula of compounds

- Chemical analysis & Glassware

Question 7

Dalton

Answer 7

• Law of multiple proportions
• Atomic theory
• First table of atomic masses

Question 8

Atomic theory

Answer 8

• All elements = atoms
• Same element = same atoms
• Chemical formula = atoms combine
• Chemical reaction !change atoms but changes how they are bound

Question 9

Jakob Berzelius

Answer 9

• Determine atomic mass
• Invented atomic symbol
• Silicon, selenium

Question 10

Robert Millikan

Answer 10

Mass of electron: 9.11*10^-31

Question 11

J.J. Thompson

Answer 11

• Discover electrons with cathode ray tubes
• Plum pudding theory
• Charge to mass e/m -1.76*10^8

Question 12

Plum pudding theory

Answer 12

Positive charge = spherical cloud in center

Negative charge = embedded randomly

Question 13

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 13

-Discover nuclear with gold foil experiment

Question 14

Bohr model

Answer 14

Small dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons

Question 15

Atomic Structure

Answer 15

• Small dense nucleus with protons & neutrons

- Electrons small & resides outside nucleus

Question 16

Isotopes

Answer 16

Atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 17

Changing # of protons

Answer 17

Different element

Question 18

Changing # of electrons

Answer 18

becomes ion

Question 19

Element formation

Answer 19

top: mass num(protons+neutrons)
bot: Atomic num(proton)

Question 20

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 20

Always have two when by themselves: O, H, F, I, N, Br,Cl

Question 21

What have mass of 1?

Answer 21

Protons & Nucleus

Question 22

What have mass of 0?

Answer 22

Electrons

Question 23

Covalent Bond

Answer 23

sharing electrons(between metals)

Question 24

Ionic Bond

Answer 24

Metals transfers electrons to nonmetals

Question 25

Inorganic compound

Answer 25

Metal compound, If more than one charge = write charge in roman num + ide

Question 26

Oxyanion

Answer 26

``` O= 2=ite(smaller) O= 3=ate(bigger) ```

Question 27

Acid

Answer 27

ide=Hydro+-ic acid ite = -ous acid ate = -ic acid

Question 28

Binary compound

Answer 28

(mono,di,tri,tetra) two nonmental: if is by itself: the closest to metals or lower in group goes first -second ends in -ide if it's polyatomic: polyatomic name stays !-ide

Question 29

Hund's rule

Answer 29

Fill all arrows going up first before going down

Question 30

Isoeletronic ion

Answer 30

Ions/atoms with same electron configuration

Question 31

Aufab principle

Answer 31

Add to the lowest first

Question 32

Pauli's Exclusion Principle

Answer 32

Not two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers - Electron Spin - Magnetic- orientation of the orbital - Angular - shape of orbital - Principal- size & energy(level of orbitals

Question 33

Periodicity

Answer 33

Predict the behavior of a element