Chapter Nine- Parts Of The Atom

Question 1

What were John Daltons ideas?

Answer 1

Atoms cannot be divided, created or destroyed.
During a chemical reaction, atoms of an element cannot be converted into atoms of another element.
Atoms of one element are identical to each other but different from atoms of another element.
Atoms combine in specific ratios.

Question 2

What did Democritus believe?

Answer 2

Atoms are small solid objects that cannot be created, divided or destroyed.
Atoms are constantly moving in empty space.
Different types of matter are made from different types of atoms.
The properties of the atoms determine the properties of matter

Question 3

Who was Thomson?

Answer 3

Thomson found from his cathode ray experiment, that cathode Rays were made of small, negatively charged particles called Electrons
(Discovered electrons)

Question 4

Who was Rutherford?

Answer 4

Rutherford concluded that most of an atoms mass and positive charge was is in a small, dense area in the center of an atom called the Nucleus.

Question 5

What did Chadwick discover?

Answer 5

James Chadwick discovered that in addition to protons, the nucleus also contained neutrons

Question 6

What did Bohr discover?

Answer 6

Agreed with what Rutherford said, except that Bohr said electrons moved in circular orbits and in the same orbit.

Question 7

What is the current modern theory?

Answer 7

Research showed that energy levels are not arranged in circular orbits. Electrons form an electron cloud.

Question 8

Atoms

Answer 8

Small particle that is the building block of matter; smallest piece of an element that still represents the element

Question 9

Electron

Answer 9

A particle with one negative charge

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Small area in the center of the atom where most of an atoms mass and positive charge is

Question 11

Proton

Answer 11

An atomic particle that has one positive charge

Question 12

Neutron

Answer 12

A neutral particle that exists in the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

Electron cloud

Answer 13

An area around an atomic nucleus where an electron is most likely to be
(Modern theory)

Question 14

atomic number

Answer 14

The number of protons in an atom of an element

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 16

Average mass of the elements isotopes, weighted according to the abundance of each isotope

Answer 16

Average atomic mass

Question 17

Radioactive

Answer 17

Elements that spontaneously emit radiation

Question 18

Nuclear Decay

Answer 18

Process that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation

Question 19

An atom that is no longer neutral because it gained or lost electrons

Answer 19

Ion

Question 20

True or False: Neutrons have 2 down quarks and one up quark

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False: Protons have two down quarks and two up quarks

Answer 21

False: Protons are made of 2 up quarks ONE down quark

Question 22

Describe Electrons

Answer 22

Electrons: has one negative charge, means amber in Greek, most likely to be in an electron cloud, constantly move around the nucleus, impossible to know exact location, no smaller part, relative mass is 1/1,840, symbol: e-, equal to protons in an atom.

Question 23

Describe neutrons

Answer 23

Quarks make up neutrons, they are neutral, symbol: n, location: nucleus, relative mass: 1, two neutrons are in an alpha particle, adding or removing neutrons from an atom doesn’t create a different element, discovered by James Chadwick.

Question 24

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 24

Mass number- Atomic number

Protons+ neutrons)-(number of protons

Question 25

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Lithium-7?

Atomic number is 3

Answer 25

Lithium has 3 protons, so it has 3 electrons since protons always equal the number of electrons.
Since its mass number is 7, and we have 3 protons, 7-3= number of neutrons. It has 4 protons then.

Question 26

Describe Protons

Answer 26

Quarks make up protons, positive charge (1+), symbol: p, location: nucleus, relative mass: 1, amount of protons equal the amount of electrons in an atom, atoms contain different amounts of protons, number of protons in an atom is the elements atomic number, adding or removing protons from the nucleus creates a different atom

Question 27

What is an Ion?

Answer 27

An atom that is no longer neutral because it gained/ lost electrons.
Can be positive or negative depending on lost or gained electrons

Question 28

What is an atom?

Answer 28

An atom is the smallest part of an element that still represents that element, they must always be neutral with the number of protons equalling the number of electrons,

Question 29

What form of radiation does not contain particles, it does not change the element into another element?

Answer 29

Gamma decay

Question 30

Neutron changes into a proton and high energy electron called a……..
The atomic number increases by 1 because it gained a proton

Answer 30

Beta particle

Question 31

Alpha particle

Answer 31

2 protons and 2 neutrons

Question 32

How is radiation harmful?

Answer 32

It can destroy living cells

Question 33

How is radiation beneficial?

Answer 33

It can treat cancerous cells ( chemo )