Chapter One

Question 1

How are cells different?

Answer 1

Shape, Size, and Function;

Diverse Chemical needs/activities

Question 2

Flow of Genetic Information

Answer 2

All living cells share; Genetic instruction stored in DNA (genes code for proteins/4 nucleotides)…Transcribed into RNA… Then transcribed into proteins(20 amino acids).

Question 3

Viruses

Answer 3

Require a live host to replicate; Uses the host’s replication/transcription/protein synthesis machinery

Question 4

Microscope

Answer 4

Invented in the 17th Century

Question 5

Types of Microscopes used in Biology

Answer 5

Light
Transmission electron
Scanning electron

Question 6

Schleiden/Schwann/Virchow

Answer 6

Discovered cells are the basic living unit of function, all organisms are composed of one or more cells, and all cells come from division of existing cells

Question 7

Louis Pasteur

Answer 7

Confirmed ideas of Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow by observing plant cells for 2.5 hours

Question 8

Steps for preparing tissue samples for microscopy imaging.

Answer 8

Fixation, Embedding, Sectioning, and Staining

Question 9

Fixation

Answer 9

Preserve tissue in native state

Question 10

Embedding

Answer 10

Replacing the water in a cell with wax to support the tissue

Question 11

Sectioning

Answer 11

Creating thin slices of the specimen

Question 12

Staining

Answer 12

Making contrast

Question 13

SEM

Answer 13

Scanning electron microscope; Visualizes surface structures; Uses magnets and not lenses; reveals 3-D images

Question 14

TEM

Answer 14

Transmission electron microscope; visualizes internal structures…nanometer range; no 3-D imaging

Question 15

Light microscopes

Answer 15

Cannot see smaller cell components like organelles

Question 16

Cells that have Nuclei; Can be single or multi-celled

Answer 16

Eucaryotes

Question 17

Cells without Nuclei; Single cells only; No organelles

Answer 17

Procaryotes

Question 18

Where is the DNA in prokaryotic cells

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Generate ATP; evolved from engulfed bacteria; have their own DNA; requires aerobic system

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

Four components of the Mitochondria

Answer 20

Outer membrane, inner membrane, inter membrane space, and the matrix

Question 21

Nuclear pores

Answer 21

Small openings in the nuclear membrane

Question 22

To be considered an organelle…

Answer 22

It must be membrane bound

Question 23

Synthesizes proteins; ribosomes are present

Answer 23

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 24

Synthesizes/Metabolizes Lipids

Answer 24

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 25

has chlorophyll; has its own DNA; found in plants; used in photosynthesis

Answer 25

Chloroplast

Question 26

Act as the digestive system/Janitor of the cell

Answer 26

Lysosomes/peroxisome

Question 27

aqueous gel that is the site of many chemical rxns

Answer 27

Cytosol

Question 28

Modifies the proteins/lipids made in the ER's.

Answer 28

Golgi Apparatus

Question 29

The transporter of the cell; moves materials from organelle to organelle/ towards membrane for export.

Answer 29

Vesicles

Question 30

What organisms have cell walls

Answer 30

Plants, bacteria, and yeast

Question 31

Escherichia Coli

Answer 31

"Ecoli"; rod shaped ;grows rapidly; used to study molecular biology

Question 32

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer 32

Yeast; eukaryotic; considered the in-between of plants and animals; used to study cell division

Question 33

Single celled eukaryotes

Answer 33

yeast, amoeba