Chapter One Flashcards
Structure and Function of the Muscular, Nervous, and Skeletal Systems (24 cards)
Three Types of Muscles
smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a layer of… [connective tissue]
Epimysium [Epi means over]
A bundle of muscle fibers
fasciculus
Each fasciculus is surrounded and separated by…. [connective tissue]
Endomysium [Endo means within]
The only direct source of energy for muscle actions [found in water solution of sarcoplasm/cytoplasm]
ATP [Adenosine Triphosphate]
Energy sources found in sarcoplasm
ATP, phosphocreatine, glycogen, and fat droplets
Sites of aerobic ATP production
Mitochondria
An organelle that stores calcium and regulates the muscle action process by altering calcium concentration.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Columnar proteins structures contained within each muscles cell
Myofibril
Consisting of a head, neck, and tail. The head pulls on the actin filament
Myosin
Thin filament that myosin attaches to
Actin
Regulators of the interactions between Myosin and Actin
Troponin and Tropomyosin
Basic contractile unit of muscle
Sarcomere
The location where muscle receive stimulus from the nervous system
Neuromuscular Junction
Sliding Filament Theory
Concentric Muscle Action
Eccentric Muscle Action
Isometric Muscle Action
During resistance training, individuals perceive this muscle action as more difficult and therefore perceive it to be more important
concentric phase
T or F There is evidence that an emphasis on both the concentric and eccentric action phases is important to maximize the benefits of resistance training
True
Soreness that occurs 24 to 48 hours after performing novel exercises caused by damage to connective and muscle tissue followed by an inflammatory reaction that activates pain receptors
DOMS Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Strategies to combat DOMS
Nutritional supplements, massage, ice, ultrasound, and exercise (temporary relief)
Previously theorized reason for DOMS
Build up of lactic acid
Oxidative Capacity
