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Anatomy 2500 > chapter one > Flashcards

chapter one Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the oldest scientific discipline of medicine?

A

anatomein

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1
Q

greek verb: “cut open, to dissect”

A

anatomein

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2
Q

anatomy and history during BC time

A

-biblical references–> book of Job
-egypt–> mummification
-greek contribution and controversy

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3
Q

anatomy and history during 1st century

A

-Galen dissects animals–>notes about organs
-Muslim scholars in Arabia study nervous system
-Italy becomes hub of study–> formed 1st college
(problem during this time: thought evil spirits attached to dissecting humans)

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4
Q

anatomy and history during 15-16th century

A

-renaissance and science–> finally accepted to study humans
-Michelangelo and Da Vinci–> learning anatomy through art
-Andreas Vesalius

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5
Q

anatomy and history during 19th-20th century

A

-technology and imaging
-microscopic study
-gross anatomy
(Gold standard period)

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6
Q

what was the 1st textbook

A

Gray’s Anatomy

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7
Q

what is the problem with textbooks

A

only provides/portrays the most common structural arrangements
e.g. fabella is left out (40% of people have it)

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8
Q

what are the 6 organizational levels within anatomy

A
  1. chemical
  2. cellular
  3. tissue
  4. organ
  5. system
  6. organismal
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9
Q

what are the 11 body systems:

A
  1. integumentary
  2. skeletal
  3. muscular
  4. cardiovascular
  5. lymphatic and Immunity
  6. nervous
  7. endocrine
  8. respiratory
  9. digestive
  10. urinary
  11. reproductive
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10
Q

a conference where a group of scientists meet to officialize names (last meeting was in 2020)

A

terminologia anatomica

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11
Q

how many human gross anatomy structures are there?

A

7500

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12
Q

root word=

A

tissue/organ

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13
Q

prefix/sufix=

A

description

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14
Q

describe anatomical position

A

standard reference position is person facing away and toward with palms facing forward/thumbs pointing out

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15
Q

directional term for front of body

A

anterior/ventral

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16
Q

directional term for back of the body

A

posterior/dorsal

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17
Q

directional term for same side of body from what is referenced

A

ipsilateral

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18
Q

directional term for opposite side of body from what is referenced

A

contralateral

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19
Q

directional term for face down

A

prone

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20
Q

directional term for face up

A

supine (can hold a cup of soup in this position)

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21
Q

directional term for only limbs where the point of reference is closer to the attachment to trunk

A

proximal

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22
Q

directional term for only limbs where the point of reference is farthest away from attachment to trunk

A

distal

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23
Q

directional term for body part away from the midline/center of body

A

lateral

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24
directional term for body part in/near the midline of body
medial
25
directional term for point of reference nearer to the head
superior
26
directional term for point of reference closer to the feet
inferior
27
head
cephalic
28
neck
cervical
29
armpit
axillary
30
arm
brachial
31
front of elbow
antecubital
32
forearm
antebrachial
33
wrist
carpal
34
palm
palmar or volar
35
fingers
digital or phalangeal
36
thigh
femoral
37
anterior surface of knee
patellar
38
leg
crural
39
foot
pedal
40
ankle
tarsal
41
toes
digital or phalangeal
42
forehead
frontal
43
temple
temporal
44
eye
orbital or ocular
45
ear
otic
46
cheek
buccal
47
nose
nasal
48
mouth
oral
49
chin
mental
50
breastbone
sternal
51
breast
mammary
52
chest
thoracic
53
abdomen
abdominal
54
navel
umbilical
55
hip
coxal
56
pelvis
pelvic
57
groin
inguinal
58
thumb
pollex
59
hand
manual
60
pubis
pubic
61
top of foot
dorsum
62
great toe
hallux
63
base of skull
occipital
64
shoulder blade
scapular
65
spinal column
vertebral
66
back of elbow
olecranal or cubital
67
between the hips (posterior)
sacral
68
buttock
gluteal
69
region of anus and external genitals
perineal
70
hollow behind knee
popliteal
71
calf
sural
72
sole of foot
plantar
73
heel
calcaneal
74
back of hand
dorsum
75
loin
lumbar
76
back
dorsal
77
enclosed space in the human body that contain organs
cavity
78
what separates one cavity from another?
muscles, bones, membranes
79
cranial cavity is enclosed by ... and which organs
-cranial bones -brain
80
vertebral canal enclosed by--- and which organs
-vertebral column -spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves
81
thoracic cavity is the ____ cavity
chest
82
what are the sub cavities of the thoracic cavity
2 pleural cavities, 1 pericardial cavity, and mediastinum
83
pleural cavity is enclosed by and which organs
-pleura (serous membrane) -lungs (one around each)
84
pericardial cavity enclosed by and which organs
-pericardium (serous membrane) -heart
85
central portion of thoracic cavity between lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm
mediastinum
86
which organs does the mediastinum contain
heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and large blood vessels
87
true or false: the mediastinum is a cavity located within the thoracic cavity
false: the mediastinum is not a cavity but instead the middle region of the thoracic cavity
88
abdominopelvic cavity
makes up the abdominal and pelvic cavities
89
abdominal cavity, which organs does it hold?
-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of large intestine
90
pelvic cavity, which organs inside?
-bladder, part of large intestine, and internal sex organs
91
the abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed by
peritoneum
92
plane
imaginary piece of glass that slices through body
93
section
cut of the plane
94
plane that divides body into right and left sections--> shows side view
sagittal plane
95
plane that divides body into anterior and posterior sections--> front or back view
frontal/coronal plane
96
plane that divides body into superior and inferior sections--> above or below view
transverse plane
97
plane that is not one of the x,y,z sections
oblique plane
98
what is the portion of the body that makes up the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
viscera
99
What is the term for organs that are located between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall?
viscera
100
What is the term for the portion of the serous membrane that lines the walls of body cavities?
parietal layer
101
what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions
right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal, pubic, left inguinal
102
what are the lines that divide up the abdominopelvic region
2 vertical midclavicular lines and 1 horizontal subcostal line (under lungs) and 1horizontal transtubercular

Anatomy 2500 (1 decks)

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