Chapter one

Question 1

what does the word “police” come from?

Answer 1

The latin word “politia”

Question 2

the latin and greek terms for police assume police are…

Answer 2

involved in the administration of a city

Question 3

when was the first time the term “police” was used as administration of public order?

Answer 3

France in the early 18th century

Question 4

Marine Police

Answer 4

a force established in 1798 to protect merchandise in the port of London

Question 5

in technical terms, the police represent…

Answer 5

a civil power of government as opposed to military government in times of war

Question 6

Policing

Answer 6

maintaining order and dealing with lawbreakers

Question 7

when did Modern-style police departments appear?

Answer 7

the fourteenth century in France and the nineteenth century in England

Question 8

what were the first LE professionals called? how and when?

Answer 8

Magistrates (judges). They were unpaid and appointed by the citizens

Question 9

what were the duties of Magistrates?

Answer 9

adjudicate cases, presiding in courts, ordering arrests, calling witnesses, and examining prisoners

Question 10

adjudicate

Answer 10

to make a formal decision on a matter.

Question 11

what was life for citizens like before police?

Answer 11

Citizens were responsible for protecting themselves and keeping an orderly community, even with Magistrates citizens arrested offenders and punished them.

Question 12

Romans contribution

Answer 12

• elected magistrates around third century BCE.
• created the first specialized investigative unit around fifth century BCE

Question 13

what was the first specialized investigative unit called?

Answer 13

Questors or Trackers of murder

Question 14

who can be considered the first police officers?

Answer 14

the Praetorian Gaurd in first century BCE

Question 15

what was the job of a Praetorian Guard?

Answer 15

to protect the palace and the emperor

Question 16

Praefectus Urbi

Answer 16

to protect the city and the Vigiles of Rome

Question 17

what were the Vigils considered as?

Answer 17

the first civil police force signed to protect citizens

Question 18

what two words come from the Vigils?

Answer 18

Vigilance and Vigilante

Question 19

Lictors definition

Answer 19

public officials appointed to serve as bodyguards for the magistrates during the first century CE. Authority over life and limb.

Question 20

what changes were made in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Answer 20

Kings began to assume responsibility for law and officials were appointed to replace the watch and other forms of defense

Question 21

what other early police roles are there?

Answer 21

Provost - Paris 13th, enforces law and night watch, assisted by investigating commissioners and sergeants
Maréchaussée - France 1356, military patrol to maintain peace on highways, today they’re called “Gendarmerie Nationale” and police areas outside France’s major cities

Question 22

by the 18th century what developments did both Paris and Munich have?

Answer 22

professional police that were armed and credited with keeping the cities safe and orderly.

Question 23

where is the American System of law and criminal justice borrowed from?

Answer 23

the English police experience

Question 24

Robert Peel

Answer 24

established the London Metropolitan Police department in 1829

Question 25

tithings (mutual pledge)

Answer 25

10 families who grouped together to protect one another and to assume responsibility for the acts of the group's members

Question 26

10 tithings (mutual pledge)

Answer 26

100 families grouped together under charge of a constable

Question 27

who was the first form of an English police officer?

Answer 27

the constable

Question 28

shires (mutual pledge)

Answer 28

groups of hundreds within specific geographic areas who are under control of the king and governed by a shire-reeve or sheriff.

Question 29

what did the Statute of Winchester establish?

Answer 29

watch and ward, hue and cry, parish constable, and requirement that all males keep weapons in their homes for use in maintaining the public peace.

Question 30

the three major duties of watch men (night watch)

Answer 30

1. patrolling the streets from dusk until dawn 2. lighting street lamps, clearing garbage from streets, and putting out fires 3. enforcing the criminal law

Question 31

parish constable

Answer 31

was the primary urban law enforcement agent in England, organized and supervised watches

Question 32

major role of "their-takers"

Answer 32

combat highway robbery and crime from highwaymen, street robbers, sheep stealers, etc.

Question 33

the act of Parliament 1693

Answer 33

established a monetary reward for the capture of an road agent or armed robber

Question 34

Henry Fielding

Answer 34

appointed in 1748 in Westminster. He attempted to decrease theft by establishing relationships with local pawnbrokers.

Question 35

Englands timeline

Answer 35

1763: created civilian horse patrol in london 1770: foot patrol 1798: river or marine police 1804: horse patrol is established in London 1829: Rober Peel's police force, the Metropolitan police, established in London

Question 36

Patric Colquhoun

Answer 36

a London magistrate who established a small, publicly funded Marine police based off of the bow street runners in 1798

Question 37

horse patrol 1804

Answer 37

in central London; two inspectors and 52 men in uniform